Praise be to Allaah.
The word udhiyah means an animal of the 'an'aam class (i.e.,
camel,cow, sheep or goat) that is slaughtered during the days of Eid
al-Adha because of the Eid and as an act of worship, intending to draw
closerto Allaah thereby.
This is one of the rituals of Islam prescribed in the Book of Allaah
and the Sunnah of His Messenger (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon
him), and according to the consensus of the Muslims.
In the Qur'aan:
1 – Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
"Therefore turn in prayer to your Lord and sacrifice (to Him only)"
[al-Kawthar 108:2]
2 – Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
"Say (O Muhammad): Verily, my Salaah (prayer), my sacrifice, myliving,
and my dying are for Allaah, the Lord of the 'Aalameen (mankind,jinn
and all that exists).
He has no partner. And of this I have been commanded, and I am the
first of the Muslims"
[al-An'aam 6:162]
The word nusuk (translated here as sacrifice) means sacrifice; this is
the view of Sa'eed ibn Jubayr. And it was said that it means all acts
of worship, including sacrifice, which is more comprehensive.
3 – Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
"And for every nation We have appointed religious ceremonies, that
they may mention the Name of Allaah over the beast of cattle that He
has given them for food. And your Ilaah (God) is One Ilaah (God
Allaah), so you must submit to Him Alone (in Islam). And (O Muhammad)
give glad tidings to the Mukhbitoon [those who obey Allaah with
humility and are humblefrom among the true believers of Islamic
Monotheism]"
[al-Hajj 22:34]
In the Sunnah:
1 – It was narrated in Saheeh al-Bukhaari (5558) and Saheeh Muslim
(1966) that Anas ibn Maalik (may Allaah be pleased with him) said:
"The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) sacrificed
two white rams speckled with black. He slaughtered them with his own
hand,said 'Allaahu akbar' and put his foot on their necks."
2 – It was narrated that 'Abd-Allaah ibn 'Umar (may Allaah be pleased
with him) said: "The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon
him) stayed in Madeenah for ten years, offering sacrifice (every year
on Eid)." Narrated by Ahmad, 4935; al-Tirmidhi, 1507; classedas hasan
by al-Albaani inMishkaat al-Masaabeeh, 1475.
3 – It was narrated from 'Uqbah ibn 'Aamir (may Allaah be pleased with
him) that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him)
shared out sacrificial animals amongst his companions, and 'Uqbahgot a
sheep that was six months old. He said, "O Messenger of Allaah, I got
a sheep that is six months old." He said, "Offer it as a sacrifice."
Narrated by al-Bukhaari,5547.
4 – It was narrated from al-Baraa' ibn 'Aazib (mayAllaah be pleased
with him) that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him)
said: "Whoever offers a sacrifice after the prayerhas completed his
rituals(of Eid) and has followedthe way of the Muslims." Narrated by
al-Bukhaari,5545.
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) offered
sacrifices, as did his companions (may Allaah be pleased with them).
And he said that sacrificeis the way of the Muslims.
Hence the Muslims are unanimously agreed that it is prescribed in
Islam, as was narrated by more than one of the scholars.
But they differed as to whether it is Sunnah mu'akkadah (a confirmed
Sunnah) or it is obligatory and it is notpermissible to omit it.
The majority of scholars are of the view that it is Sunnah mu'akkadah.
This is the view of al-Shaafa'i, Maalik and Ahmad according to his
most well-known view.
Others were of the view that it is obligatory. This is the view of
Abu Haneefah and one of theviews narrated from Ahmad. This was also
theview favoured by Ibn Taymiyah who said: "This is one of the views
narrated in the madhhab of Maalik, or it appears to be the view of
Maalik."
From Risaalat Ahkaam al-Udhiyah wa'l-Dhakaahby Ibn 'Uthaymeen (may
Allaah have mercy on him).
Shaykh Muhammad ibn 'Uthaymeen (may Allaah have mercy on him)
said:"Udhiyah is Sunnah mu'akkadah for the one who is able to do it,
so a person should offer the sacrifice on behalf of himself and the
members of his household."
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