social crisis in the Islamic societies. The considerable factors are;
1) The first is the system ofgovernments or the famous pattern of
"nation - state", which has divided the unified Islamic communities
into the separate estates.
For instance, Bangladesh has been separated from Pakistan as a new
Islamic nation and also Pakistan has been isolated from Islamic nation
of India.
In Europe during the last years, Islamic country of Bosnia -
Herzegovina has been divided into separateparts of three and Muslimsin
Albania and Kosovo, which have formed a unified Islamic Ummah, are
ruled by two different systems.
Bangladesh has been separated from Pakistan as a new Islamic nation
and also Pakistan has beenisolated from Islamic nation of India.
In Europe during the last years, Islamic country of Bosnia -
Herzegovina has been divided into separateparts of three and Muslimsin
Albania and Kosovo, which have formed a unified Islamic Ummah, are
ruled by two different systems.
2) The second factor, which had resulted from the political system
of"nation - state" or"national government", is the phenomenon of
nationalism among Muslims.
The concept of nationality,which always has been praised by Muslims,
has changed into the concept of European and American nationalism.
By the way, the identity ofindividuals and groups of the Islamic
nation will be transfer to the new national and governmental units.
Nationalism caused the divergence of the Islamic societies.
Islamic brotherhood, equality, freedom and justice have been replaced
by national and ethnic identity.
3) The third factor is the model of development or modernism.
After the establishment of national governments andtendency to
nationalism is the next step to weaken the Islamic identity, the plans
of economic, national, political and cultural development were
thoroughly based onthe pattern of modernity or development in Europe
and America.
So, during the recent century, the development patterns have
thoroughly changed the systems of education, bureaucracy, organizing
and organization, economic growth and expansion of press and media.
Islamic identity lost its value and was replaced bynew identities of
modernity, such as classic identities, Capitalism and Marxist.
4) The growth of the third factor in the Islamic societies, which
caused theweakness of Islamic identity, has not occurred in a natural
environment but has been grown as theWestern powers began their
relations with the Muslim Ummah through colonial interventions and the
policies of cultural and economic invasion.
In other words, unilateral approach to international relations and
diplomacy between Islamic countries and the European and American
powers caused spreading the non-Islamic identity.
At this time the systems ofMedia, universities, military, bureaucracy,
parliamentary and judiciary in Islamic countries, which were built by
the Europeans andAmericans, acted as the load speakers of non-Islamic
and even anti-Islam identity.
A survey on the press dealing with Islamic identity indicates the
outstanding clues for the factors mentioned above.
The national press in Islamic countries has been imported institutions
and ideological organs for national and governmental systems.
Except for some limited periods, the national press and media always
served and promoted modernism,nationalism and non-Islamic identity,
and the national tendency is an undeniable issue in the present media
of many Islamic countries.
Internationally, the press until the Islamic Revolution of Iran sought
to avoid the Islamic world concerns.
Over the past two decadesthat the Islamic movements caused the
extraordinary developments in the regional and international policies,
the main international media ruled by Europe and America intended to
blur the Islamic identity and primarily depicted a negative image for
developments in Islamic countries.
Islamic identity has been often mentioned"fundamentalists","religious
fanatics" and"insurgents and terrorists",in the international media.In
recent decades, cultural institutions and media companies have
launched a cultural aggression against Islamic countries through the
Western industries, which is completely along with their political and
economic plots.
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