Can you explain to us the essential parts, obligations and Sunnahs of
the Jumu'ah khutbah?.
Praise be to Allaah.
Firstly:
The fuqaha' of the four madhhabs are agreed that the khutbah is a
condition of the Friday prayer being valid, and it is part of the
remembrance of Allaah that Allaah has enjoined in His words
(interpretation of the meaning):
"O you who believe (Muslims)! When the call is proclaimed for the
Salaah (prayer) on Friday (Jumu'ah prayer), come tothe remembrance of
Allaah [Jumu'ah religious talk (Khutbah) and Salaah (prayer)] and
leave off business (and every other thing)"
[al-Jumu'ah 62:9].
The Prophet (blessings and peace of Allaah be upon him) persisted in
doing this; in fact it is narrated from some of the Companions that
the khutbah is a replacement for two rak'ahs of Zuhr prayer. All of
that indicates that the khutbahis an essential condition for the
Friday prayer being valid.
Ibn Qudaamah (may Allaah have mercy on him) said:
To sum up, the khutbah isa condition of Jumu'ah, and it is not valid
withoutit, as was stated by 'Ata', al-Nakha'i, Qataadah, al-Thawri,
al-Shaafa'i, Ishaaq, Abu Thawr and ashaab al-ra'i. And we do not know
of anyone who disagreed with that except al-Hasan. End quote.
Al-Mughni (2/74)
Secondly:
Conditions of the Friday khutbah
The fuqaha' are also agreed on two of the conditions of the Friday khutbah:
1. That it should be done after the beginning of the time for Friday prayer.
2. That it should be done before the prayer and not after.
Al-Khateeb al-Sharbeeni said: according to consensus, except for those
who heldodd opinions. Mughni al-Muhtaaj, 1/549. There should not be a
lengthy interval between the two,rather the prayer should come
immediately after the khutbah. Ibn Qudaamah (may Allaah have mercy on
him) said: It is essential that the prayer come immediately after the
khutbah. End quote. Al-Mughni, 2/79.
The scholars differed concerning other conditions. We will mention
briefly that which we believe is most likely to be conditions after
having studied the evidence of all opinions:
3. The intention (niyyah). That is because the Prophet (blessings
and peace of Allaah be upon him) said: "Actions are but by
intentions." Agreed upon. So it is stipulated that the khateeb should
have the intention of presenting a khutbah that is acceptableand valid
for Friday prayer. This is the view of the Hanbalis and some of the
Shaafa'is.
4. It should be spoken out loud. It is not acceptable for the
khateeb to give a khutbahsilently, because the aims of the khutbah
cannot be achieved unless it is givenout loud. This is the view of the
majority of scholars, apart from the Hanafis.
Some of the scholars havestipulated that a specific number of people
must attend the Friday khutbah, and some of them stipulated that the
khutbah should be in Arabic, but we have explained previously on our
website that these two conditions are not valid. See the answer to
question no. 7718 and 112041 .
Thirdly:
Essential part of the Friday khutbah
The correct scholarly viewis that the only essential part of the
Friday khutbahis the minimum to which the word khutbah may beapplied
according to custom. This is the view ofIbn Hazm. Al-Muhalla, 5/97,
Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah (may Allaah have mercy on him) said:
It is not sufficient in the khutbah to discourage people from being
attached to worldly matters and to remind them of death, rather it is
essential to give what may be called a khutbah according to custom,
and that cannot be achieved by means of an abbreviated speech that
fails to fulfil the purpose. End quote.
Al-Ikhtiyaaraat, p. 79
Shaykh 'Abd al-Rahmaan al-Sa'di (may Allaah have mercy on him) said:
The fuqaha's stipulation of the four essential parts in each of the
two khutbahs is subject to further discussion. If the speaker does in
each of the two khutbahs that which fulfils the purpose of the
khutbah, which is exhortation that moves the heart, then he has done
the khutbah. But undoubtedly praise of Allaah, blessings upon
theMessenger of Allaah (blessings and peace of Allaah be upon him) and
recitation of some Qur'aanare all things which complete and adorn the
khutbah. End quote.
Al-Fataawa al-Sa'diyyah, p. 193
The khateeb should be pure and free of impurities both minor andmajor,
and he should wear his best clothes, greet the people with salaam and
deliver the khutbah from the minbar.He should turn to face thepeople
and he should be sincere in exhorting and reminding the people in
clear and eloquent words.He should keep the khutbah short and not make
it lengthy, and he should make it into two khutbahs.:->
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