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The Muslim community expanded rapidly after the Prophet's death.
Within a few decades, the territory under Muslim rule had extended
onto three continents--Asia, Africa andEurope. Over the next few
centuries this Empire continued to expand and Islam gradually became
the chosen faith of the majority of its inhabitants. Among the reasons
for the rapid and peaceful spread of Islam was the simplicity of its
doctrine--Islam calls for faith in only One God worthy of worship.
Islam also repeatedly instructs human beings to use their powers of
intelligence and observation.
As Muslim civilization developed, it absorbed the heritage of ancient
civilizations like Egypt, Persia and Greece, whose learning was
preserved in the libraries and with the scholars of its cities. Some
Muslim scholars turned their attention to these centers of learning
and sought to acquaint themselves with the knowledge taught and
cultivated in them. They, therefore, set about with a concerted effort
to translate the philosophical and scientific works available to them,
not onlyfrom the Greek and Syriac languages (the languages of eastern
Christian scholars), but also from Pahlavi, the scholarly language of
pre-Islamic Persia, and even from Sanskrit, an ancient Indian
language./
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