Spider webs are truly a wonder of architecture and engineering, as
wellas their qualities such as strength, flexibility and use
advantages.
It is known by virtually everyone that spiders use the silky threads
produced in their own bodies to set a web. However, the
productionphases of this silk and itsgeneral characteristics are not
so well- known. This silk thread, which spiders produce and the
diameter of which is lessthan one millimeter, is five times stronger
than steel of the same thickness. Also it can flex four times its own
length.
Another striking characteristic of the silk is that it is very
lightweight. We can explain this with an example. The weight of a silk
thread that will circle the earth would weigh only 320 grams.
Scientists are resuming their research to technologically benefit from
these characteristics of the spider thread.
Spider Silk Prevents Computers From Overheating
Researchers have concluded that spider silk can conduct heat 800 times
better than all other organic materials in the world. However, whereas
spider silk can conduct heat with a rateof 416 W/m-K (watt/meter
Kelvin), the same rate is 401 W/m-K in copper. Human skin can conduct
electricity by only 0.6 W/m-K. Whilespider silk is ahead of copper,
which is one of the materials that conduct heat the best, when it is
compared to silicone aluminum and pure iron, it is again superior.
This superiorityof the spider silk only falls behind when compared to
silver and diamond.
The secret behind the conductivity of spider silk is the molecular
structure of the silk Allahcreated specially for these beings. Spider
silk is formed by a combination of hard, crystal pieces that
self-generate as well as dynamic and elastic pieces.
Scientists think that theycan better understand its conductivity by
examining the spider silk's characteristics of creation. They note
that these organic materials can be used in computers, which are made
of substances that conduct heat by using this feature of the web, and
that spider silk can be used in many fields from electronics to summer
clothing.
The physical features of spiders and their behaviors clearly prove
that these beings were created by Allah. Allah, the Lord of all
worlds, reveals this truth to the people with the verse; " He said,
'The Lord of the East and the West and everything between them if you
used your intellect.' …" (Surat ash-Shu'ara', 28)
Violin String From SpiderWeb
When researchers who made a type of thread by spinning approximately
five thousand silk strings taken from 300 female " Nephila macukala "
spiders, which are known for their complexwebs, in the same direction,
and then made violin strings by spinning three of these threads in the
opposite direction, and measuring th pull force of the string, they
found that the string can endure less tension than the string
traditionally made by using intestinesand more tension than modern
nylon string covered with aluminum. In addition, when violin strings
made in this way are studied under a scanning electron microscope, it
was foundthat they are perfectly round and since they fit together
perfectly, a very nice and soft resonance was obtained.
Spiders could not have learned to knitspin this web, which works with
perfect planning, on its own as a result of the so-called evolutionary
process. Spiders act withthe command of Allah like all other beings on
earth. Almighty Allah reveals this with the verse; " ... when
everything in the heavens and earth, willingly or unwillingly, submits
to Him and to Him you will be returned? " (Surah Al 'Imran , 83)
Spider Web Example in Covering Large Sites
Webs built by dew spiders are both aesthetic and amazing interms of
engineering. These spiders build their webs on a horizontal plane to
appear like a sheet lying on grass. They use vertical grasses as
girders and ensure that the weight on the grass is evenly distributed
on this grass.
This method was reproduced by people inorder to cover large sites. The
Munich Olympics Stadium and JeddahAirport, which are shown as examples
of today's modern architecture works, were built by imitating the webs
of these spider species. As in this example, every being people take
as an example, and every system they possess are a verse (evidence) of
Allah for people. This truth is revealed in Suratal-Jathiyya as such:
And in your creation andall the creatures He has spread about there
are Signs for people with certainty . (Surat al-Jathiyya, 4)
Artificial Spider Webs That Hold Water
The capacity of spider web to hold water is very high. Researchers
have copied the characteristics of spider web, which hold water drops
effectively, and developed a synthetic thread that can be used in
holding the water in the atmosphere. Scientists who examinedweb fibers
of uloborus walckenaerius spiders under the microscope found that the
water particles that move along the fiber change the web's structure
when they intensify to form drops. In the study, it was understood
that the thread made by the substance secreted by this spider forms
four times thicker knots in sections that water droplets gather.
Another less known characteristic of spider web is its capacity to
collect water from moist air. Scientists who are inspired by this
characteristic developed artificial fibers that copy the silk's
structure, and they pointed out the ability of these artificial fibers
to collect water. It is considered that these artificial fibers can be
used to collect water in the air or to filter chemical products in
industrial production.
Spider Web Will Inspire the Internet
In the research conducted on araneus diadematus , a common garden
spider that lives in Europe, using computer modeling, it was found
that spider webs react differently todifferent tension levels. As it
is known, spider web has a unique quality that softens when needed and
then turns back to its original hardness. In the research, it was
understood that spider web softens in mild wind and does not showa
disruption in general structure, and when a stronger force is applied
to a specific point, the web loses its flexibility inthis region of
the web and breaks off. However,this situation strengthens the general
structure and wholeness of the web even more. Research showed that
when fibers in different regions break, the web can carry three to
twenty percent more weight than it normally does.
Researchers think that with the deciphering of these secrets of the
spider web, complex networks like the Internet can be built in
astronger way against disruptions in the future.New visual networks
that can be formed like this will not lose their mechanical quality,
despite enduring much damage, and no matter which part of the systemis
attacked, the network will collapse only at a certain point. Thus in
many areas from electrical networks and the internet to the textile
industry, great leaps will be achieved based on the spider webin
future.
During the research conducted to uncover the chemistry of spider
threads, threads are taken from spiders with special machines. In
this way, 320 meters (almost three milligrams) of silk can be gathered
per animal. Another field that spider threads are used to serve human
beings is medicine. Pharmacologists at the University of Wyoming in
the USA are using the threads of a spider species called " Nephile "
in lieu of catgut in very sensitive operations like tendon and joint
operations.
With the acceptance of the superiority of created features, no doubt,
evolutionists have experienced a new disappointment and a new sense of
hopelessness. The invalidity of evolutionists' unscientific claims
that beings are in a state of development from the simple to the more
complex over time and that their characteristics have formed by
coincidence, were once again proved. Allah, the Lord of all worlds, is
the One Who creates flawless and unique systems. Allah is the One Who
creates all things flawlessly. Those who donot want to accept this
will live an unending regret in the hereafter.
He Who created the seven heavens in layers.You will not find any flaw
in the creation of the All-Merciful. ऀ Lookagain – do you see any
gaps? Then look again and again. Your sight will return to you dazzled
and exhausted! Surat al-Mulk, 3-4)
Allah Created Spider Threads in the Best Shape For Its Purpose
It is generally not knownthat spiders use more than one thread type
while making their webs. However, spiders produce different threads in
their bodies for different purposes. When one thinks about the life of
spiders, it is immediately understoodhow important this feature is,
because the specialty of the thread the spider walks on and the
threads it used to catch its prey or to wrap it tightly have to be
different from one another. For example, if the thread a spider walks
on were adhesive like the thread it uses to catch the prey, the spider
would stick on the web and thus it would cause its own death.
These silk threads have different qualities in terms of both
flexibility and strength, and they also have different qualities for
thickness and adhesiveness. For example, the hanging thread, which
plays a big role in the spider's life, has a flexible and strong
structure even though it is not adhesive. It can carry two to three
times the spider's weight easily. The spider, which also carries its
prey together, can move up and down safely thanks to these ropes.
As it is seen, the spider needs to make very different threads and
moreover it must use these different threads in the right places. Even
the lack of one of these threads is potentially deadly for the spider.
None of the qualities spiders have could have emerged phase by phaseas
the theory of evolution suggests. Sinethe first spiders on earth, all
spiders have existed in their completeform. All of these point to the
evidences that they emerged all of a sudden and that Allah created
them. Allah shows us His infinite power and matchless knowledge with
the superior miracle of creation in spiders. Allah reveals this truth
in one verse:
Everything in the heavens and the earth glorifies Allah. He is the
Almighty, the All-Wise. The kingdom of the heavens and the earth
belongs to Him. ऀ He gives life and causes to die.He has power over
all things . (Surat al-Hadid, 1-2)
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Islam is a religion of Mercy, Peace and Blessing. Its teachings emphasize kind hear tedness, help, sympathy, forgiveness, sacrifice, love and care.Qur’an, the Shari’ah and the life of our beloved Prophet (SAW) mirrors this attribute, and it should be reflected in the conduct of a Momin.Islam appreciates those who are kind to their fellow being,and dislikes them who are hard hearted, curt, and hypocrite.Recall that historical moment, when Prophet (SAW) entered Makkah as a conqueror. There was before him a multitude of surrendered enemies, former oppressors and persecutors, who had evicted the Muslims from their homes, deprived them of their belongings, humiliated and intimidated Prophet (SAW) hatched schemes for his murder and tortured and killed his companions. But Prophet (SAW) displayed his usual magnanimity, generosity, and kind heartedness by forgiving all of them and declaring general amnesty...Subhanallah. May Allah help us tailor our life according to the teachings of Islam. (Aameen)./-
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''Allah is Sufficient for us'' + '' All praise is due to Allah. May peace and blessings beupon the Messenger, his household and companions '' (Aameen)
'' Our Lord ! grant us good in this world and good in the hereafter and save us from the torment of the Fire '' [Ameen]
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Sunday, December 16, 2012
Nagore Dargah - (INDIA)
A Dargah built over the grave of a revered religious figure, often a
Sufi Saint. Local Muslims visit the shrine known as (ziyarat). Dargahs
are often associated with Sufi meeting rooms and hostels, known as
Khanqah. They often include a mosque,meeting rooms, schools residences
for a teacher or caretaker, hospitals, and other buildings for
community purposes.
The term is derived from a Persian word which can mean, among other
uses, "portal" or"threshold". Many Muslims believe that dargahs are
portals by which they can invoke the deceased saint's intercession and
blessing.
Over time, musical offerings of mendicants in the presence to the
devout at these shrines, usually impromptu or on the occasion of Urs,
gave rise to music genres like, Qawwali, and Kafi, whereSufi Poetry is
put to music and sang as an offering to the murshid, ,the Sufi Guide.
Today they have become popular form of singing throughout South Asia,
with exponents like Nusrat and taking their music to various parts of
the world.
Dargahs across regions
Shrines are found in many Muslim communities throughout the world, and
called by many names). The term dargah is common in the
Persian-influenced Islamic world, notably and . In, the term is used
to describe shrines in thearea where there is a strong presence, while
the term keramat is more commonly used in wherethere is a strong
culture.
In South Asia, dargahs are often the site of festivals (held in honor
ofthe deceased saint at the date of his Urs, which is aday dedicated
to the saint which usually falls on the saint's death anniversary. The
shrine isilluminated with candles or strings of electric lights.
In China, the term gongbei is usually used for shrine complexes
centered around a Sufi saint's tomb.
Sufi Saint. Local Muslims visit the shrine known as (ziyarat). Dargahs
are often associated with Sufi meeting rooms and hostels, known as
Khanqah. They often include a mosque,meeting rooms, schools residences
for a teacher or caretaker, hospitals, and other buildings for
community purposes.
The term is derived from a Persian word which can mean, among other
uses, "portal" or"threshold". Many Muslims believe that dargahs are
portals by which they can invoke the deceased saint's intercession and
blessing.
Over time, musical offerings of mendicants in the presence to the
devout at these shrines, usually impromptu or on the occasion of Urs,
gave rise to music genres like, Qawwali, and Kafi, whereSufi Poetry is
put to music and sang as an offering to the murshid, ,the Sufi Guide.
Today they have become popular form of singing throughout South Asia,
with exponents like Nusrat and taking their music to various parts of
the world.
Dargahs across regions
Shrines are found in many Muslim communities throughout the world, and
called by many names). The term dargah is common in the
Persian-influenced Islamic world, notably and . In, the term is used
to describe shrines in thearea where there is a strong presence, while
the term keramat is more commonly used in wherethere is a strong
culture.
In South Asia, dargahs are often the site of festivals (held in honor
ofthe deceased saint at the date of his Urs, which is aday dedicated
to the saint which usually falls on the saint's death anniversary. The
shrine isilluminated with candles or strings of electric lights.
In China, the term gongbei is usually used for shrine complexes
centered around a Sufi saint's tomb.
About Islam
"Islam is a way of life, try it. Islam is a gift, accept it. Islam is
a journey, complete it. Islam is a struggle, fight for it. Islam is a
goal, achieve it.Islam is an opportunity, take it. Islam is not for
sinners, overcome it. Islam is not a game, don'tplay with it. Islam is
not amystery, behold it. Islam is not for cowards, face it. Islam is
not for the dead, live it. Islam is a promise, fulfill it. Islam is a
duty, perform it. Islam is a treasure (the Prayer),pray it. Islam is a
beautiful way of life, see it. Islam has a message for you, hear it.
Islam is love, love it..."
Islam is derived from the root word salaam which means Peace. Islam
was brought to India in the 8th century by traders, Islam became a
dominantreligious force in the country during the Moghul Empire. There
areestimated to be 1.4 billion adherents, making Islam the
second-largest religion in the world. Today, Muslims may be found
throughout the world, particularly in the Middle East, North Africa,
South Asia, Central Asia, and Southeast Asia. The majority of Muslims
are not Arabs; only 20 percent of Muslims originate from Arab
countries. Islam is the second largest religion inthe United Kingdom,
and many other European countries, including France, which has the
largest Muslim population in Western Europe.
Birds Eye View Of Kaaba
Five Pillars of Islam TheFive Pillars of Islam is the term given to
what are understood among manyMuslims to be the five core aspects of
Sunni Islam. Shi'a Muslims accept the Five Pillars, but also add
several other practices to form the Branches of Religion.
1.Shahadah
The basic creed or tenet of Islam is found in the shahādatān ("two
testimonies"): 'ashadu 'al-lā ilāha illā-llāhu wa 'ashadu 'anna
muħammadan rasūlu-llāh ; "I testify that there is none worthy of
worship except God and I testify that Muhammad <(Sall-Allahu alayhi wa
sallam) is the Messenger of God."As the most important pillar, this
testament can be considered a foundation for all other beliefs and
practices in Islam. Ideally, it is the first words a new-born will
hear, and children are taught to recite and understand the shahadah as
soon as theyare able to. Muslims must repeat the shahadah in prayer,
and non-Muslims must use the creed to formally convert to Islam.
2. Salat (Namaz)
Muslims performing salat (prayer)
Muslims must perform five daily prayers, salat, throughout the day as
a form of submission to God. The ritual combines specific movements
and spiritual aspects, preceded by wudu', or ablution. It is also
supposed to serve as a reminder to do good andstrive for greater
causes as well as a form of restraint from committing harmful or
shameful deeds.
It is believed that the prayer ritual was demonstrated to Muhammad
(Peace and Blessings be Upon him) by the angel Jabrīl, or Gabriel in
English.
Common mistakes usually we make in prayers
Listed below are the 7 Common mistakes usuallywe make in prayers
Mistake 1: Reciting Surat al-Fatiha fast without pausing after each
verse.
The Prophet (Peace and Blessings be Upon him) used to pause after each
verse of this surah. (Abu Dawood)
Mistake 2 : Sticking the arms to the sides of the body, in rukoo' or
sujood, and sticking the belly to the thighs in sujood.
The Messenger of Allah (Peace and Blessings be Upon him) said: "Let
not one of you support himself
on his forearms (in sujood) like the dog. Let him rest on his palms
and keep his elbows away from his body." (Sahih Muslim) . The
Messenger of Allah (Peace and Blessings be Upon him) used to keep his
arms away from his body
during rukoo' and sujood that the whiteness of his armpits could be
seen (Sahih Muslim).
Mistake 3: Gazing upwardduring prayer.
This may cause loss of concentration. We are commanded to lower our
gaze, and look at the point at which the head rests during sujood. The
Prophet (Peace and Blessings be Upon him) warned: "Let those who raise
their gaze up during prayer
stop doing so, or else their sights would not return to them. i.e.
lose their eyesight]." (Muslim)
Mistake 4 : Resting only the tip of the head on the floor during
sujood. The Prophet (Peace and Blessings be Upon him) said: "I am
commanded to prostrate on seven bones
the forehead and the nose, the two hands [palms], the two knees, and
the two feet." (Sahih Muslim) Applying the above command necessitates
resting the forehead and the nose on the ground during sujood.
Mistake 5 : Hasty performance of prayer which does not allow repose
and calmness in rukoo' or sujood.
The Messenger of Allah (Peace and Blessings be Upon him) saw a man who
did not complete his
rukoo' [bowing], and made a very short sujood[prostration] ; he (Peace
and Blessings be Upon him)
said: "If this man dies while praying in this manner, he would die
upholding a religion other than the religion ofMuhammad." Abu
Hurairah (RA) said:
"My beloved friend, Muhammad (Peace and Blessings be Upon him) forbade
me to perform postures of
prayer copying the picking of a rooster; (signifying fast performance
of prayer), moving eyes around like a fox and thesitting like monkeys
( i.e. to sit on thighs)." (Imam Ahmad & at-Tayalisi) The Messenger of
Allah (Peace and Blessings be Upon him) said: " The worst thief is the
one who steals from his own
prayer." People asked, 'Messenger of Allah! How could one steal from
his own prayer?' He (Peace and Blessings be Upon him) said: "By not
completing its rukoo' and
sujood." (At Tabarani & al-Hakim).
To complete rukoo' is to stay in that posture long enough to recite
'Subhana rabbiyal Adtheem' three times, SLOWLY, and 'Subhana rabbiyal-
a'ala' three times, SLOWLY, in sujood. He (Peace and Blessings be Upon
him) also announced: "He
who does not complete his rukoo' and sujood, his prayer is void." (Abu
Dawood & others)
Mistake 6 : Counting tasbeeh with the left hand
The Prophet (Peace and Blessings be Upon him) used to count tasbeeh
onthe fingers of his right
hand after salah. Ibn Qudamah (RA) said: " The Messenger of Allah
(Peace and Blessings be Upon him) used his right hand for tasbeeh."
(Abu Dawood). The above
hadeeth indicates clearly that the Prophet (Peace and Blessings be
Upon him) used only one hand
for counting tasbeeh. No Muslim with sound mind would imagine that the
Prophet (Peace and Blessings be Upon him) used his left hand for
counting tasbeeh. Aa'ishah (RA)
said that the Prophet (Peace and Blessings be Upon him) used his left
hand only for Istinjaa', or
cleaning himself after responding to the call of nature. He never used
it for tasbeeh. Yasirah (RA) reported: The Prophet (Peace and
Blessings be Upon him) commanded
women to count tasbeeh on their fingers.To complete rukoo' is to
stayin that posture long enough to recite
'Subhana rabbiyal Adtheem' three times, SLOWLY, and 'Subhana rabbiyal-
a'ala' three times, SLOWLY, in sujood. He (Peace and Blessings be Upon
him) also announced: "He
who does not complete his rukoo' and sujood, his prayer is void." (Abu
Dawood & others)
The Messenger of Allah (Peace and Blessings be Upon him) said: "They
(the fingers) will be made to
speak, and will be questioned (on the Day of Resurrection. )" (At-
Tirmidhi) .. The above Hadeeth indicates that it is preferable to
count tasbeeh on the fingers of the right hand than to do so on
masbahah (rosary).
3. Zakat
Zakat, or alms-giving, is amandated giving of charity to the poor and
needy by able Muslims based on the wealth that he or she has
accumulated. It is a personal responsibility intended to ease economic
hardship for others and eliminate inequality.
4. Sawm (Roza)
Sawm, or fasting, is an obligatory act during themonth of Ramadan.
Muslims must abstain from food, drink, and sexual intercourse from
dawn to dusk during thismonth, and are to be especially mindful of
other sins that are prohibited. This activity is intended to allow
Muslims to seek nearness to God as well as remind them of the needy.
Mistake 7 : Crossing in front of a praying person.
The Messenger of Allah (Peace and Blessings be Upon him) warned:"Were
the one who crosses in
front of a praying personto know the consequences of doing so, he
would have waited for*forty better than to cross in front of
him." (Sahih Bukhari andMuslim). *The forty in thetradition may be
days months or even years. Allah knows best.
Common Errors in Prayer That MUST Be Avoided - Please inform your near
and dear ones to take care of the above.
Remember Muslim Ummah in your supplications
5. Hajj
The Hajj is a pilgrimage that occurs during the month of Dhu al-Hijjah
inthe city of Makkah. The pilgrimage is required for all Muslims who
are both physically and financially able to go andis to be done at
least once in one's lifetime.
The Pilgrimage ( hajj ) to Kaaba, Masjid al Haram, Makkah, is an
important practice for Muslims to perform
Maharashtra has a large Muslim population and Masjids or prayer halls
can be found in almost every village and city of the state. There are
several Masjids in Mumbai, big and small, simple and ornate. At the
same time, there are several Dargahs (tombs) of revered Muslim saints
that have become famous pilgrImages.
Most notable among the Dargahs in Mumbai is thetomb of the Muslim
saint Pir Haji Ali Shah. A landmark on the Mumbaiskyline, the
whitewasheddargah stands tall in Mahalaxmi at the end of a narrow
500-yard causeway jutting into theArabian Sea.
a journey, complete it. Islam is a struggle, fight for it. Islam is a
goal, achieve it.Islam is an opportunity, take it. Islam is not for
sinners, overcome it. Islam is not a game, don'tplay with it. Islam is
not amystery, behold it. Islam is not for cowards, face it. Islam is
not for the dead, live it. Islam is a promise, fulfill it. Islam is a
duty, perform it. Islam is a treasure (the Prayer),pray it. Islam is a
beautiful way of life, see it. Islam has a message for you, hear it.
Islam is love, love it..."
Islam is derived from the root word salaam which means Peace. Islam
was brought to India in the 8th century by traders, Islam became a
dominantreligious force in the country during the Moghul Empire. There
areestimated to be 1.4 billion adherents, making Islam the
second-largest religion in the world. Today, Muslims may be found
throughout the world, particularly in the Middle East, North Africa,
South Asia, Central Asia, and Southeast Asia. The majority of Muslims
are not Arabs; only 20 percent of Muslims originate from Arab
countries. Islam is the second largest religion inthe United Kingdom,
and many other European countries, including France, which has the
largest Muslim population in Western Europe.
Birds Eye View Of Kaaba
Five Pillars of Islam TheFive Pillars of Islam is the term given to
what are understood among manyMuslims to be the five core aspects of
Sunni Islam. Shi'a Muslims accept the Five Pillars, but also add
several other practices to form the Branches of Religion.
1.Shahadah
The basic creed or tenet of Islam is found in the shahādatān ("two
testimonies"): 'ashadu 'al-lā ilāha illā-llāhu wa 'ashadu 'anna
muħammadan rasūlu-llāh ; "I testify that there is none worthy of
worship except God and I testify that Muhammad <(Sall-Allahu alayhi wa
sallam) is the Messenger of God."As the most important pillar, this
testament can be considered a foundation for all other beliefs and
practices in Islam. Ideally, it is the first words a new-born will
hear, and children are taught to recite and understand the shahadah as
soon as theyare able to. Muslims must repeat the shahadah in prayer,
and non-Muslims must use the creed to formally convert to Islam.
2. Salat (Namaz)
Muslims performing salat (prayer)
Muslims must perform five daily prayers, salat, throughout the day as
a form of submission to God. The ritual combines specific movements
and spiritual aspects, preceded by wudu', or ablution. It is also
supposed to serve as a reminder to do good andstrive for greater
causes as well as a form of restraint from committing harmful or
shameful deeds.
It is believed that the prayer ritual was demonstrated to Muhammad
(Peace and Blessings be Upon him) by the angel Jabrīl, or Gabriel in
English.
Common mistakes usually we make in prayers
Listed below are the 7 Common mistakes usuallywe make in prayers
Mistake 1: Reciting Surat al-Fatiha fast without pausing after each
verse.
The Prophet (Peace and Blessings be Upon him) used to pause after each
verse of this surah. (Abu Dawood)
Mistake 2 : Sticking the arms to the sides of the body, in rukoo' or
sujood, and sticking the belly to the thighs in sujood.
The Messenger of Allah (Peace and Blessings be Upon him) said: "Let
not one of you support himself
on his forearms (in sujood) like the dog. Let him rest on his palms
and keep his elbows away from his body." (Sahih Muslim) . The
Messenger of Allah (Peace and Blessings be Upon him) used to keep his
arms away from his body
during rukoo' and sujood that the whiteness of his armpits could be
seen (Sahih Muslim).
Mistake 3: Gazing upwardduring prayer.
This may cause loss of concentration. We are commanded to lower our
gaze, and look at the point at which the head rests during sujood. The
Prophet (Peace and Blessings be Upon him) warned: "Let those who raise
their gaze up during prayer
stop doing so, or else their sights would not return to them. i.e.
lose their eyesight]." (Muslim)
Mistake 4 : Resting only the tip of the head on the floor during
sujood. The Prophet (Peace and Blessings be Upon him) said: "I am
commanded to prostrate on seven bones
the forehead and the nose, the two hands [palms], the two knees, and
the two feet." (Sahih Muslim) Applying the above command necessitates
resting the forehead and the nose on the ground during sujood.
Mistake 5 : Hasty performance of prayer which does not allow repose
and calmness in rukoo' or sujood.
The Messenger of Allah (Peace and Blessings be Upon him) saw a man who
did not complete his
rukoo' [bowing], and made a very short sujood[prostration] ; he (Peace
and Blessings be Upon him)
said: "If this man dies while praying in this manner, he would die
upholding a religion other than the religion ofMuhammad." Abu
Hurairah (RA) said:
"My beloved friend, Muhammad (Peace and Blessings be Upon him) forbade
me to perform postures of
prayer copying the picking of a rooster; (signifying fast performance
of prayer), moving eyes around like a fox and thesitting like monkeys
( i.e. to sit on thighs)." (Imam Ahmad & at-Tayalisi) The Messenger of
Allah (Peace and Blessings be Upon him) said: " The worst thief is the
one who steals from his own
prayer." People asked, 'Messenger of Allah! How could one steal from
his own prayer?' He (Peace and Blessings be Upon him) said: "By not
completing its rukoo' and
sujood." (At Tabarani & al-Hakim).
To complete rukoo' is to stay in that posture long enough to recite
'Subhana rabbiyal Adtheem' three times, SLOWLY, and 'Subhana rabbiyal-
a'ala' three times, SLOWLY, in sujood. He (Peace and Blessings be Upon
him) also announced: "He
who does not complete his rukoo' and sujood, his prayer is void." (Abu
Dawood & others)
Mistake 6 : Counting tasbeeh with the left hand
The Prophet (Peace and Blessings be Upon him) used to count tasbeeh
onthe fingers of his right
hand after salah. Ibn Qudamah (RA) said: " The Messenger of Allah
(Peace and Blessings be Upon him) used his right hand for tasbeeh."
(Abu Dawood). The above
hadeeth indicates clearly that the Prophet (Peace and Blessings be
Upon him) used only one hand
for counting tasbeeh. No Muslim with sound mind would imagine that the
Prophet (Peace and Blessings be Upon him) used his left hand for
counting tasbeeh. Aa'ishah (RA)
said that the Prophet (Peace and Blessings be Upon him) used his left
hand only for Istinjaa', or
cleaning himself after responding to the call of nature. He never used
it for tasbeeh. Yasirah (RA) reported: The Prophet (Peace and
Blessings be Upon him) commanded
women to count tasbeeh on their fingers.To complete rukoo' is to
stayin that posture long enough to recite
'Subhana rabbiyal Adtheem' three times, SLOWLY, and 'Subhana rabbiyal-
a'ala' three times, SLOWLY, in sujood. He (Peace and Blessings be Upon
him) also announced: "He
who does not complete his rukoo' and sujood, his prayer is void." (Abu
Dawood & others)
The Messenger of Allah (Peace and Blessings be Upon him) said: "They
(the fingers) will be made to
speak, and will be questioned (on the Day of Resurrection. )" (At-
Tirmidhi) .. The above Hadeeth indicates that it is preferable to
count tasbeeh on the fingers of the right hand than to do so on
masbahah (rosary).
3. Zakat
Zakat, or alms-giving, is amandated giving of charity to the poor and
needy by able Muslims based on the wealth that he or she has
accumulated. It is a personal responsibility intended to ease economic
hardship for others and eliminate inequality.
4. Sawm (Roza)
Sawm, or fasting, is an obligatory act during themonth of Ramadan.
Muslims must abstain from food, drink, and sexual intercourse from
dawn to dusk during thismonth, and are to be especially mindful of
other sins that are prohibited. This activity is intended to allow
Muslims to seek nearness to God as well as remind them of the needy.
Mistake 7 : Crossing in front of a praying person.
The Messenger of Allah (Peace and Blessings be Upon him) warned:"Were
the one who crosses in
front of a praying personto know the consequences of doing so, he
would have waited for*forty better than to cross in front of
him." (Sahih Bukhari andMuslim). *The forty in thetradition may be
days months or even years. Allah knows best.
Common Errors in Prayer That MUST Be Avoided - Please inform your near
and dear ones to take care of the above.
Remember Muslim Ummah in your supplications
5. Hajj
The Hajj is a pilgrimage that occurs during the month of Dhu al-Hijjah
inthe city of Makkah. The pilgrimage is required for all Muslims who
are both physically and financially able to go andis to be done at
least once in one's lifetime.
The Pilgrimage ( hajj ) to Kaaba, Masjid al Haram, Makkah, is an
important practice for Muslims to perform
Maharashtra has a large Muslim population and Masjids or prayer halls
can be found in almost every village and city of the state. There are
several Masjids in Mumbai, big and small, simple and ornate. At the
same time, there are several Dargahs (tombs) of revered Muslim saints
that have become famous pilgrImages.
Most notable among the Dargahs in Mumbai is thetomb of the Muslim
saint Pir Haji Ali Shah. A landmark on the Mumbaiskyline, the
whitewasheddargah stands tall in Mahalaxmi at the end of a narrow
500-yard causeway jutting into theArabian Sea.
"Holy History of Hazrat Syed Hameed Qadir Vali" - Pilgirimage, Tourist Place, Nagoor Dargah, " sufi Shahul Hameed Baadsaa", Tamil nadu, INDIA
Holy History of Hazrat Syed Hameed Qadir Vali
-
The World Famous Muslim Pilgrim centre Nagore Dargah Located in INDIA
/ Tamil Nadu ( South India ). The Dargah is Famous because of Hazrath
SYED SHAHUL HAMEED QADIRI ( QADIRI ) QADIR WALI
Hazrath SYED SHAHUL HAMEED QADIRI ( QADIRI ) QADIR WALI is direct
22nd Decentant of Halarath Syedina Shah Ahmed Mujthaba Muhammad
Mustafa (Sallalahu Alaihi wassalam) And 9th Direct Decentant from
Halarath Syed Mohideen Shaik Abdul kaadhir Jeelani bagdhahi
Raliyallahu thaalanahu.
Hazrath SYED SHAHUL HAMEED QADIRI ( QADIRI ) QADIR WALI - Mazhar
sheriff Located in Nagore, South India- THE Dargah is located 78 km
from Thanjavur / 300 KM from Chennai ( Madras _ . The tomb is almost
MORE THAN 500 years old and istopped by a golden dome and flanked by 5
minarets. It is just 4 km tothe north of Nagapattinam. Nagore
(sometimes spelled Nagoor) is a town in the Nagapattinam District,
Tamil Nadu, India. It is located approximately 4 km north of the city
of Nagapattinam. Nagore has a population of approximately 30,000. A
prominent five-acre dargah (Muslim shrine) dedicated to the 16th
century saint Nagore Andavar (literally "the Lord of Andavar"; also
popularly called Meeran Sahib or Qadir Wali) is located there, and
serves as a pilgrim center. The 14-day Kandhuri Urs (alsospelled
Kandoori or Kandhoori) festival, dedicated to the saint, is held there
annually.
Auliyas Name : There are many name called in Local Languages Some of
the most popular Names are below
Hazarath SYED SHAHUL HAMEED QADIRI ( QADIRI ) QADIR WALI
Periya Ezamaan
Naagore AAndavar
Shahul Hameed Baadhusha Naayagam
Qaadirwali Babaa
Naagore Naayagam
Karunai Kadal Naayagam
A brief History of the HolySaint His Holiness Hazarath SYED SHAHUL
HAMEED QADIRI ( QADIRI ) QADIR WALI GHANJASAVOY,GHANJABAKSH NAGORI, of
Nagore Dargah ( Nagore Dargah) Sheriff.
This Famous Holy Saint was born in Manickkapurnear Ayodhya in the
northern Indian state of U.P. on a blessed Friday early morning in the
Arabic month of 10th Jamathul Akhir Hijiri 910 (1491-A.D.)The Holy
Saint was the 23rd lineal descendant of the Holy Prophet MOHAMMED
(S.A.W the peace upon him). His father was HAZARATH SYED HASAN
KHUDDOOS SAHIB and his mother BEEBI FATHIMA.
Even before his birth, a messenger of God appeared before his mother
Beebi Fathima in a dream and predicted that she would be blessed with
a son who would be the Savior of people and spend his life to spread
Ilam. Even as a child he showed signs of great wisdom, intense piety
and divine communication before he was eight years old and learnt
Arabic language and its grammar. He went in search of a religious
preceptor (Master) who could educate him in solving the riddle and the
secrecy of the world and who could teach himmore about the Almighty
and his ways and at his parent's desire, went to Gwalior to be
initiated byHAZARATH SYED MOHAMED GHOUSE SAHIB Gwalior in divine
knowledge.
After more than a decadeof training, he left Gwalior and went to
Manickkapur with a bunch of 404 disciples and then toured extensively
with his disciples in Afghanistan, Balusistan and other places of the
world performing innumerable miracles on the way by raising the dead,
making the dump to speak and the lamb to walk and by curing all kinds
of incurable diseases.
On his way to Makkah (Saudi Arabia), he halted in a Mosque at Lahore
where a rich and respectable Mohammedan Kazi Hazarath Noordin Sahib
approached him to be blessed with a child. The Saint gave a chewed
betel leaf to Noordin andinstructed Noordin to hand over to his wife
Beebi Johara and ordained that she should swallow it and remain
separated from her husband for 40 days.He prayed to the Almighty
tobless Noordin with children, and also informed Noordin that the
eldest son should be dedicated to him as his son and asked Noordin to
remain with him for 40 days without seeing his wife.As per his
blessings, Beebi Johara conceived and gave birthto a son on the 12th
of Rajab Hijiri 959 and the child was named SYED MOHAMMED YOOSUF SAHIB
as directed by the Holy Saint.
The child was properly educated and in his 7th year took leave of his
parents to go and meet his real father at Makkah as he heard a Divine
Voice informing him that his father (Hazarath Syed Shahul Hameed Qadir
wali) was awaiting his arrival at Makkah so he went to Makkah and
joined his father there.The Saint, his son and 404 followers-disciples
visited Ponnani, Sri Lanka, Kayalpattinam,Keelakarai and Thankasi and
propagated Islam.
Lastly the Saint visited Thanjavur, at that time the Naick dynasty was
ruling over Thanjavur. The King Achuthuppa Naikan, then ruler of
Thanjavur was suffering from a grievous and prolonged illness. The
ministry of the King begged the Saint and requested him to visit
thepalace and cure the ill of the King. The Saint was very much moved
went to the palace and found that a dove was made to suffer by
black-magic, with pin pricks all over its body and it was in a very
unsafe condition and was the cause of the King's ailment at once.
Heasked his son to bring the dove prayed and removed one by one the
pins in the body of the dove. After the removal of the pins the King
recovered and got well. The queen energized by the miraculous cure of
her husband fell on her knees before the Saint and begged the Saint to
bless them with children. The Saint accordingly blessed them with a
fruitful progeny and in return the King offered wealth and rich
presents which the Saint did not accept but only asked theKing to give
him a piece of land near the Sea-shore.
Accordingly the King dedicated 30 acres of land called 'Heavenly' and
submitted the same to the Holy Saint on which the present buildings
and premises of "Nagore Dargah shrine" stands. He remained in the
place till the end of his life with his son.As per his instruction his
son Hazarath SYED MOHAMMEDYOOSUF SAHIB married SYED SULTAN BEEVI AMMA
SAHIBA Daughter of KhajaMahadoom-ul-Yamani of west Nagore. He got
eight children-six males and two daughters.
The Saint went to Vanjoor nearly 2 miles away from the northern side
of Nagore and in theArabic month of Rajab fasted there for 40 days in
a pit covered with a plank on which side the present Vanjoor
Pallivasal stands and also fasted 40days at Silladi Pallivasal near
sea-shore of Nagore.
The holy Saint demised inHis 68th year on a Friday early morning in
Hijiri 978 and was entombed at Nagore according to his direction.On
the right side of the Holy Saint the tomb of His son Hazarath Syed
Mohamed Yoosuf Sahib and the tomb of his wife Syed Sultan Beebi Amma
Sahiba are situated.
The Maharatta King of Thanjavur Tulasi Maharaja endowed 115 villages
4000 acres of Agricultural lands for the maintenance of the Dargah.
The Miracles of the Holy saint had not stopped with his demise, but
continues to the present day.
The people of all religion are visiting Nagore Dargah daily to get the
blessings of the Holy saint with out any distinction.The Nagore Dargah
is an object of Great veneration not only for Muslims but also for
people of other religions.The Holy Saint came to Nagore on Thursday.
So every Thursday large congregation of pilgrims visit the Dargah and
make their offerings to the Holy Saint.
The anniversary of the Holy Saint is celebrated every year for
fourteen days commencing from the first day of the Islamic calendar
month of Jamathul - akhir. ( You can easily find the corresponding
English dates on Internet or any traditional calendars)
The festival known as theGrand "KANDOORI FESTIVAL" attracts hundreds
of thousands of pilgrims from Malaysia, Singapore, Arabia, Sri Lanka,
Burma, Pakistan and majority of the pilgrims come from the Indian
states of Andhra Pradesh, Kerela, Karnataka, Maharastra, U.P and West
Bengal and other parts of India.
The Dargah is managed by eight hereditary trustees who are the lineal
descendants of the Saint's miraculous son Hazarath Syed Mohamed Yusoof
Sahib by primogeniture.
The Holy Saint born................................. Hijiri 910
The Holy Saint demised........................... Hijiri 978
Stay with his father...................................18 Years
Stay with his Spiritual Master............. .....10 Years
Propagation of Islam............................. ..12 Years,
Stayed at Nagore.................................... .28 Years/
--
- - - - -
And Allah Knows the Best!
- - - - -
Published by :->
M NajimudeeN Bsc- INDIA
¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤
-
The World Famous Muslim Pilgrim centre Nagore Dargah Located in INDIA
/ Tamil Nadu ( South India ). The Dargah is Famous because of Hazrath
SYED SHAHUL HAMEED QADIRI ( QADIRI ) QADIR WALI
Hazrath SYED SHAHUL HAMEED QADIRI ( QADIRI ) QADIR WALI is direct
22nd Decentant of Halarath Syedina Shah Ahmed Mujthaba Muhammad
Mustafa (Sallalahu Alaihi wassalam) And 9th Direct Decentant from
Halarath Syed Mohideen Shaik Abdul kaadhir Jeelani bagdhahi
Raliyallahu thaalanahu.
Hazrath SYED SHAHUL HAMEED QADIRI ( QADIRI ) QADIR WALI - Mazhar
sheriff Located in Nagore, South India- THE Dargah is located 78 km
from Thanjavur / 300 KM from Chennai ( Madras _ . The tomb is almost
MORE THAN 500 years old and istopped by a golden dome and flanked by 5
minarets. It is just 4 km tothe north of Nagapattinam. Nagore
(sometimes spelled Nagoor) is a town in the Nagapattinam District,
Tamil Nadu, India. It is located approximately 4 km north of the city
of Nagapattinam. Nagore has a population of approximately 30,000. A
prominent five-acre dargah (Muslim shrine) dedicated to the 16th
century saint Nagore Andavar (literally "the Lord of Andavar"; also
popularly called Meeran Sahib or Qadir Wali) is located there, and
serves as a pilgrim center. The 14-day Kandhuri Urs (alsospelled
Kandoori or Kandhoori) festival, dedicated to the saint, is held there
annually.
Auliyas Name : There are many name called in Local Languages Some of
the most popular Names are below
Hazarath SYED SHAHUL HAMEED QADIRI ( QADIRI ) QADIR WALI
Periya Ezamaan
Naagore AAndavar
Shahul Hameed Baadhusha Naayagam
Qaadirwali Babaa
Naagore Naayagam
Karunai Kadal Naayagam
A brief History of the HolySaint His Holiness Hazarath SYED SHAHUL
HAMEED QADIRI ( QADIRI ) QADIR WALI GHANJASAVOY,GHANJABAKSH NAGORI, of
Nagore Dargah ( Nagore Dargah) Sheriff.
This Famous Holy Saint was born in Manickkapurnear Ayodhya in the
northern Indian state of U.P. on a blessed Friday early morning in the
Arabic month of 10th Jamathul Akhir Hijiri 910 (1491-A.D.)The Holy
Saint was the 23rd lineal descendant of the Holy Prophet MOHAMMED
(S.A.W the peace upon him). His father was HAZARATH SYED HASAN
KHUDDOOS SAHIB and his mother BEEBI FATHIMA.
Even before his birth, a messenger of God appeared before his mother
Beebi Fathima in a dream and predicted that she would be blessed with
a son who would be the Savior of people and spend his life to spread
Ilam. Even as a child he showed signs of great wisdom, intense piety
and divine communication before he was eight years old and learnt
Arabic language and its grammar. He went in search of a religious
preceptor (Master) who could educate him in solving the riddle and the
secrecy of the world and who could teach himmore about the Almighty
and his ways and at his parent's desire, went to Gwalior to be
initiated byHAZARATH SYED MOHAMED GHOUSE SAHIB Gwalior in divine
knowledge.
After more than a decadeof training, he left Gwalior and went to
Manickkapur with a bunch of 404 disciples and then toured extensively
with his disciples in Afghanistan, Balusistan and other places of the
world performing innumerable miracles on the way by raising the dead,
making the dump to speak and the lamb to walk and by curing all kinds
of incurable diseases.
On his way to Makkah (Saudi Arabia), he halted in a Mosque at Lahore
where a rich and respectable Mohammedan Kazi Hazarath Noordin Sahib
approached him to be blessed with a child. The Saint gave a chewed
betel leaf to Noordin andinstructed Noordin to hand over to his wife
Beebi Johara and ordained that she should swallow it and remain
separated from her husband for 40 days.He prayed to the Almighty
tobless Noordin with children, and also informed Noordin that the
eldest son should be dedicated to him as his son and asked Noordin to
remain with him for 40 days without seeing his wife.As per his
blessings, Beebi Johara conceived and gave birthto a son on the 12th
of Rajab Hijiri 959 and the child was named SYED MOHAMMED YOOSUF SAHIB
as directed by the Holy Saint.
The child was properly educated and in his 7th year took leave of his
parents to go and meet his real father at Makkah as he heard a Divine
Voice informing him that his father (Hazarath Syed Shahul Hameed Qadir
wali) was awaiting his arrival at Makkah so he went to Makkah and
joined his father there.The Saint, his son and 404 followers-disciples
visited Ponnani, Sri Lanka, Kayalpattinam,Keelakarai and Thankasi and
propagated Islam.
Lastly the Saint visited Thanjavur, at that time the Naick dynasty was
ruling over Thanjavur. The King Achuthuppa Naikan, then ruler of
Thanjavur was suffering from a grievous and prolonged illness. The
ministry of the King begged the Saint and requested him to visit
thepalace and cure the ill of the King. The Saint was very much moved
went to the palace and found that a dove was made to suffer by
black-magic, with pin pricks all over its body and it was in a very
unsafe condition and was the cause of the King's ailment at once.
Heasked his son to bring the dove prayed and removed one by one the
pins in the body of the dove. After the removal of the pins the King
recovered and got well. The queen energized by the miraculous cure of
her husband fell on her knees before the Saint and begged the Saint to
bless them with children. The Saint accordingly blessed them with a
fruitful progeny and in return the King offered wealth and rich
presents which the Saint did not accept but only asked theKing to give
him a piece of land near the Sea-shore.
Accordingly the King dedicated 30 acres of land called 'Heavenly' and
submitted the same to the Holy Saint on which the present buildings
and premises of "Nagore Dargah shrine" stands. He remained in the
place till the end of his life with his son.As per his instruction his
son Hazarath SYED MOHAMMEDYOOSUF SAHIB married SYED SULTAN BEEVI AMMA
SAHIBA Daughter of KhajaMahadoom-ul-Yamani of west Nagore. He got
eight children-six males and two daughters.
The Saint went to Vanjoor nearly 2 miles away from the northern side
of Nagore and in theArabic month of Rajab fasted there for 40 days in
a pit covered with a plank on which side the present Vanjoor
Pallivasal stands and also fasted 40days at Silladi Pallivasal near
sea-shore of Nagore.
The holy Saint demised inHis 68th year on a Friday early morning in
Hijiri 978 and was entombed at Nagore according to his direction.On
the right side of the Holy Saint the tomb of His son Hazarath Syed
Mohamed Yoosuf Sahib and the tomb of his wife Syed Sultan Beebi Amma
Sahiba are situated.
The Maharatta King of Thanjavur Tulasi Maharaja endowed 115 villages
4000 acres of Agricultural lands for the maintenance of the Dargah.
The Miracles of the Holy saint had not stopped with his demise, but
continues to the present day.
The people of all religion are visiting Nagore Dargah daily to get the
blessings of the Holy saint with out any distinction.The Nagore Dargah
is an object of Great veneration not only for Muslims but also for
people of other religions.The Holy Saint came to Nagore on Thursday.
So every Thursday large congregation of pilgrims visit the Dargah and
make their offerings to the Holy Saint.
The anniversary of the Holy Saint is celebrated every year for
fourteen days commencing from the first day of the Islamic calendar
month of Jamathul - akhir. ( You can easily find the corresponding
English dates on Internet or any traditional calendars)
The festival known as theGrand "KANDOORI FESTIVAL" attracts hundreds
of thousands of pilgrims from Malaysia, Singapore, Arabia, Sri Lanka,
Burma, Pakistan and majority of the pilgrims come from the Indian
states of Andhra Pradesh, Kerela, Karnataka, Maharastra, U.P and West
Bengal and other parts of India.
The Dargah is managed by eight hereditary trustees who are the lineal
descendants of the Saint's miraculous son Hazarath Syed Mohamed Yusoof
Sahib by primogeniture.
The Holy Saint born................................. Hijiri 910
The Holy Saint demised........................... Hijiri 978
Stay with his father...................................18 Years
Stay with his Spiritual Master............. .....10 Years
Propagation of Islam............................. ..12 Years,
Stayed at Nagore.................................... .28 Years/
--
- - - - -
And Allah Knows the Best!
- - - - -
Published by :->
M NajimudeeN Bsc- INDIA
¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤
Dought & clear - People claiming that they can make lots of money by using the jinn
There is a man who claims that he deals withthe jinn, and that he is
prepared to pay huge profits to anyone who deals with him. For
example, if I give him one million, he will use mercury to deal with
thejinn, and then he will give me a profit of approximately five
million riyaals. What is your opinion of this man's claims? Is it true
that the jinn can bring money to a person who – as he claims – uses
them?
Praise be to Allaah.
In my opinion this is not permissible, because dealing with them
usually only comes after getting close to them by means of things that
they like. This is the action of the practitioner of witchcraft who
gets close to the Shaytaan by doing things that he likes, which
cancels out all his good deeds. Whenhe mentioned that he uses mercury,
this is deceit and taking people's money under false pretences, and it
may come under the heading of gambling and stealing. The shayaateen
work by illusions and magic, and it is known that they do not possess
any kind of money or currency or goods. If they give anything of that
sort to aperson, either it is an illusion that is not real, or else it
is something that has been stolen from other people. It is not right
to deal with them at all.
In fact, many of these fraudsters who claim that they can make money
are cheats and liars who deceive the people and destroy theirwealth
and efforts; it is no more than theft. The newspapers are full of
stories like this. We ask Allaah to keep us safe and sound.
prepared to pay huge profits to anyone who deals with him. For
example, if I give him one million, he will use mercury to deal with
thejinn, and then he will give me a profit of approximately five
million riyaals. What is your opinion of this man's claims? Is it true
that the jinn can bring money to a person who – as he claims – uses
them?
Praise be to Allaah.
In my opinion this is not permissible, because dealing with them
usually only comes after getting close to them by means of things that
they like. This is the action of the practitioner of witchcraft who
gets close to the Shaytaan by doing things that he likes, which
cancels out all his good deeds. Whenhe mentioned that he uses mercury,
this is deceit and taking people's money under false pretences, and it
may come under the heading of gambling and stealing. The shayaateen
work by illusions and magic, and it is known that they do not possess
any kind of money or currency or goods. If they give anything of that
sort to aperson, either it is an illusion that is not real, or else it
is something that has been stolen from other people. It is not right
to deal with them at all.
In fact, many of these fraudsters who claim that they can make money
are cheats and liars who deceive the people and destroy theirwealth
and efforts; it is no more than theft. The newspapers are full of
stories like this. We ask Allaah to keep us safe and sound.
Dought & clear - He was absent from work with the permission of his immediate boss, but without the management’s knowledge.
I found a job as a customer service representative in Egypt. We had to
sign a contract, the terms of which are as follows:
A two month training period during which thesalary is 3500 Egyptian
pounds per month;
after completion of the training period, the salary will rise to 4000
Egyptian pounds per month.
We are not allowed any days off during the first six months. During
the training period I was forced to take a week off for my wedding.
The trainer told me that this wedding break would be a secret between
me and him, without the management's knowledge, because I was not
entitled to any break during the training period. I got 3500 pounds at
the end of the month. Is the money that I got for the week off haraam?
If it is haraam, what should I do?
Praise be to Allaah.
The basic principle is that the employee is required to fulfil the
conditions stipulated in the contract, so long as those conditions are
not contrary to Islamic teachings. Allah, may He be exalted, says
(interpretation of the meaning): "O you who believe! Fulfill (your)
obligations" [al-Maa'idah 5:1]. And the Prophet (blessings and peace
of Allah be upon him) said: "The Muslims are bound by their
conditions, except a condition that treats something halaal as haraam,
or treats something haraam as halaal." Narrated by at-Tirmidhi, 1352;
classed as saheeh by Shaykh al-Albaani in Saheeh Sunan at-Tirmidhi.
If the matter is as you say, that your immediateboss is the one who
gave you time off and the company did not tell him to do that, and the
system does not allow that, then it is not permissible for you to take
this break just because your immediateboss agreed, because that is
breaking the terms of your work contract. So you have to return to the
company the money that you tookfor the time you had a break, even if
you have to resort to some kind oftrick, as appropriate; you do not
have to tell them what really happened.
And Allah knows best.
--
- - - - -
And Allah Knows the Best!
- - - - -
Published by :->
M NajimudeeN Bsc- INDIA
¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤
sign a contract, the terms of which are as follows:
A two month training period during which thesalary is 3500 Egyptian
pounds per month;
after completion of the training period, the salary will rise to 4000
Egyptian pounds per month.
We are not allowed any days off during the first six months. During
the training period I was forced to take a week off for my wedding.
The trainer told me that this wedding break would be a secret between
me and him, without the management's knowledge, because I was not
entitled to any break during the training period. I got 3500 pounds at
the end of the month. Is the money that I got for the week off haraam?
If it is haraam, what should I do?
Praise be to Allaah.
The basic principle is that the employee is required to fulfil the
conditions stipulated in the contract, so long as those conditions are
not contrary to Islamic teachings. Allah, may He be exalted, says
(interpretation of the meaning): "O you who believe! Fulfill (your)
obligations" [al-Maa'idah 5:1]. And the Prophet (blessings and peace
of Allah be upon him) said: "The Muslims are bound by their
conditions, except a condition that treats something halaal as haraam,
or treats something haraam as halaal." Narrated by at-Tirmidhi, 1352;
classed as saheeh by Shaykh al-Albaani in Saheeh Sunan at-Tirmidhi.
If the matter is as you say, that your immediateboss is the one who
gave you time off and the company did not tell him to do that, and the
system does not allow that, then it is not permissible for you to take
this break just because your immediateboss agreed, because that is
breaking the terms of your work contract. So you have to return to the
company the money that you tookfor the time you had a break, even if
you have to resort to some kind oftrick, as appropriate; you do not
have to tell them what really happened.
And Allah knows best.
--
- - - - -
And Allah Knows the Best!
- - - - -
Published by :->
M NajimudeeN Bsc- INDIA
¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤
Hadees
Kathir ibn Abdullah reported: TheProphet, peace and blessings be upon
him, said to Bilal, "Know." He said, "What should I know, O Messenger
of Allah?" He said, "Know, O Bilal!" He said, "I am ready to know, O
Messenger of Allah." The Prophet said, "Verily, whoever revives a
tradition (sunnah) from among my traditions which has died after me,
then he will have a reward similar to whoever acts upon it without
taking anything away from their rewards; and whoever introduces an
innovation with which Allah and His Messenger are not pleased, then he
will havea sin similar to whoever acts upon it without taking anything
away from the sins of the people." [Sunan At-Tirmidhi, Bookof
Knowledge, Number 2677, Hasan]
him, said to Bilal, "Know." He said, "What should I know, O Messenger
of Allah?" He said, "Know, O Bilal!" He said, "I am ready to know, O
Messenger of Allah." The Prophet said, "Verily, whoever revives a
tradition (sunnah) from among my traditions which has died after me,
then he will have a reward similar to whoever acts upon it without
taking anything away from their rewards; and whoever introduces an
innovation with which Allah and His Messenger are not pleased, then he
will havea sin similar to whoever acts upon it without taking anything
away from the sins of the people." [Sunan At-Tirmidhi, Bookof
Knowledge, Number 2677, Hasan]
A Tamil dialauge
Ramesh : machi what doing ??? Suresh : putting Mokka to a sappafigure
Ramesh : Machi sappa figure aah nee waste machi :-P Suresh : you what
doing machi???? Ramesh : chatting with my angel... My love .. Machi:-)
Suresh: oh good ... What is her name machi ??? Ramesh : Divya ♥:-)
Suresh : Facebook or gtalk machi Ramesh : Facebook machi Suresh :
avunga appa peru narayanan dhaana "Divya Narayanan " am i rite ???
Ramesh: epdidaa unakku theriyum??? Suresh : ippo naa oru sappa figure
kooda Mokka podrannu sonnaney adhaan machi idhu Ramesh : ava sappa
figure aah photo la azhaga irukkaley daa :-( Suresh : pona vaaram
dhaan Mahapallipuram ponom ... Worth illa machi Ramesh : serious aah
love pannen machi :'( Suresh : poda punnakku Facebook la poi love
pandriyaa ... Karmam da Love is blind dhaan but nerula paatha piragu
pazagina piragu blindaavalam deaf aavalam illana lifey blind dhaan :-P
Be careful ...
Ramesh : Machi sappa figure aah nee waste machi :-P Suresh : you what
doing machi???? Ramesh : chatting with my angel... My love .. Machi:-)
Suresh: oh good ... What is her name machi ??? Ramesh : Divya ♥:-)
Suresh : Facebook or gtalk machi Ramesh : Facebook machi Suresh :
avunga appa peru narayanan dhaana "Divya Narayanan " am i rite ???
Ramesh: epdidaa unakku theriyum??? Suresh : ippo naa oru sappa figure
kooda Mokka podrannu sonnaney adhaan machi idhu Ramesh : ava sappa
figure aah photo la azhaga irukkaley daa :-( Suresh : pona vaaram
dhaan Mahapallipuram ponom ... Worth illa machi Ramesh : serious aah
love pannen machi :'( Suresh : poda punnakku Facebook la poi love
pandriyaa ... Karmam da Love is blind dhaan but nerula paatha piragu
pazagina piragu blindaavalam deaf aavalam illana lifey blind dhaan :-P
Be careful ...
Islamic Stories - Story of a Brilliant Student
The following story was narrated by Professor Anwar, who teaches in
the Ryerson University located in Toronto, Canada. He said that during
his student life, he was studying at an university in Bangladesh.
There, he had a good friend who was very intelligent. Thisfriend was
the only childof his family. Everyone used to look upto his great
future. And they were right, he graduated with the highest mark in his
field.Immediately, calls came for him from big companies. One day, Dr.
Anwar was requested byhis friend to accompany him to one such
companies for an interview. They were going by riding on a motor
cycle. On the way, a speeding truck couldn't manage itself and hit
their motor cyclefrom the back. At that collision, Dr. Anwar flew off
the motor cycle and fell on the side of the street. But his friend got
hit from another vehicle that was coming from the opposite side and
died instantly.
Here was a person who was at the peek of material success in this
world but little did he know that his death wasjust around the corner.
We have spent much of our time preparing for the life before death,
but how much time havewe spent preparing for the everlasting life
after death?
the Ryerson University located in Toronto, Canada. He said that during
his student life, he was studying at an university in Bangladesh.
There, he had a good friend who was very intelligent. Thisfriend was
the only childof his family. Everyone used to look upto his great
future. And they were right, he graduated with the highest mark in his
field.Immediately, calls came for him from big companies. One day, Dr.
Anwar was requested byhis friend to accompany him to one such
companies for an interview. They were going by riding on a motor
cycle. On the way, a speeding truck couldn't manage itself and hit
their motor cyclefrom the back. At that collision, Dr. Anwar flew off
the motor cycle and fell on the side of the street. But his friend got
hit from another vehicle that was coming from the opposite side and
died instantly.
Here was a person who was at the peek of material success in this
world but little did he know that his death wasjust around the corner.
We have spent much of our time preparing for the life before death,
but how much time havewe spent preparing for the everlasting life
after death?
Islamic Stories - A Lesson from Disabled People
Once, a visitor was beingshown around a leper colony in India. The
colony was built to provide a shelter for those people who were poor
and had various physical disabilities. At noon a gong (a metal disk
that produces a sound when hit with a hammer) sounded to gather the
inhabitants for the midday meal. People came from all parts of the
compound to the dining hall. Suddenly, everyone started laughing at
seeing two young men, one riding on the other'sback, pretending to be
ahorse and a rider. They were having lots of fun. As the visitor
watched, he was told that the manwho carried his friend was blind, and
the man being carried was lame (who couldn't walk). Theone who
couldn't see used his feet; the one who couldn't walk used his eyes.
Together they helped each other and reached their destination.
Let us use each other's strengths to make up forthe weaknesses of
others. Our strength is inunity, not in division.
--
- - - - -
And Allah Knows the Best!
- - - - -
Published by :->
M NajimudeeN Bsc- INDIA
¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤
colony was built to provide a shelter for those people who were poor
and had various physical disabilities. At noon a gong (a metal disk
that produces a sound when hit with a hammer) sounded to gather the
inhabitants for the midday meal. People came from all parts of the
compound to the dining hall. Suddenly, everyone started laughing at
seeing two young men, one riding on the other'sback, pretending to be
ahorse and a rider. They were having lots of fun. As the visitor
watched, he was told that the manwho carried his friend was blind, and
the man being carried was lame (who couldn't walk). Theone who
couldn't see used his feet; the one who couldn't walk used his eyes.
Together they helped each other and reached their destination.
Let us use each other's strengths to make up forthe weaknesses of
others. Our strength is inunity, not in division.
--
- - - - -
And Allah Knows the Best!
- - - - -
Published by :->
M NajimudeeN Bsc- INDIA
¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤
Saturday, December 15, 2012
Dua's -
بِسْمِ اللّهِ الرَّحْمنِ الرَّحِيمِ -
-
When heart is filled with emotion
-
Prophet (SAW)'s Prayers
When one's heart is filledwith emotion
Recite:
الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ عَلَى كُلِّ حَالٍ
"Allah is deserving (worthy) of praise under all circumstances".
(HisnulHasin from Ibn
Maja)*******************************************************
When something is lost
-
Prophet (SAW)'s Prayers
When something is lost
Recite:
اللَّهُمَّ رَادَّ الضَّالَّةِ وَهَادِي الضَّالَّةِ أَنْتَ تَهْدِي مِنَ
الضَّلَالَةِ ارْدُدْ عَلَيَّ ضَالَّتِي بِقُدْرَتِكَ وَسُلْطَانِكَ
فَإِنَّهَا مِنْ عَطَائِكَ وَفَضْلِكَ
"O Allah, the One who returns the lost, by Your power and awe return
what I have lost, for surely I have received it as Your gift and
favour (boon)".
(Hisnul Hasin)
*******************************************************
When one talks too fast
-
Prophet (SAW)'s Prayers
When one talks too fast
Recite:
أَسْتَغْفِرُ اللَّهَ
"I seek Allah's forgiveness".
The speed will then reduce.
(Nisai)
*******************************************************®®"©"®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®<a
href="http://aydnajimudeen.blogspot.com"><img
src="http://aydnajimudeen.mywapblog.com/files/najimudeen-257324.jpg"/></a>®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®
-
When heart is filled with emotion
-
Prophet (SAW)'s Prayers
When one's heart is filledwith emotion
Recite:
الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ عَلَى كُلِّ حَالٍ
"Allah is deserving (worthy) of praise under all circumstances".
(HisnulHasin from Ibn
Maja)*******************************************************
When something is lost
-
Prophet (SAW)'s Prayers
When something is lost
Recite:
اللَّهُمَّ رَادَّ الضَّالَّةِ وَهَادِي الضَّالَّةِ أَنْتَ تَهْدِي مِنَ
الضَّلَالَةِ ارْدُدْ عَلَيَّ ضَالَّتِي بِقُدْرَتِكَ وَسُلْطَانِكَ
فَإِنَّهَا مِنْ عَطَائِكَ وَفَضْلِكَ
"O Allah, the One who returns the lost, by Your power and awe return
what I have lost, for surely I have received it as Your gift and
favour (boon)".
(Hisnul Hasin)
*******************************************************
When one talks too fast
-
Prophet (SAW)'s Prayers
When one talks too fast
Recite:
أَسْتَغْفِرُ اللَّهَ
"I seek Allah's forgiveness".
The speed will then reduce.
(Nisai)
*******************************************************®®"©"®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®<a
href="http://aydnajimudeen.blogspot.com"><img
src="http://aydnajimudeen.mywapblog.com/files/najimudeen-257324.jpg"/></a>®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®
--
- - - - -
And Allah Knows the Best!
- - - - -
Published by :->
M NajimudeeN Bsc- INDIA
¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤
Prophet Ibrahim 's foot Print
Prophet Ibrahim as a role model
We often see the term"role model" in newspapers and magazines. It
refers to someone who leads the sort of life that you would like to
live. Many of us choose our favorite sports star or film star as our
role model because we are impressed by the glitter and flair of these
wealthy people. However, if we stopped to think about what kind of
lives the starsreally lead, perhaps we would have second thoughts
about our choice of role model. How many of these stars have never
known or have forgotten Allah in their quest for fame and riches! How
often are they consumedby hate, envy, violence, drugs and other
evils! Whoreally wants that kind of life? Certainly not we Muslims.
The Qur'an tells us that theprophets should be our role models, and
Prophet Ibrahim (alayhissalam) in particular is frequently mentioned.
He was obedient to Allah, upright, and he did not worship any godbut
Allah. He turned away from those who worshipped idols, even from his
own father. He was grateful to Allah for the blessings which were
bestowed on him. Hewasrewarded with good in this world and he is
among the righteous in the hereafter.
Prophet Ibrahim's call
Prophet Ibrahim 's (alayhis salam) father, Azer, was a stone carver.
He carved theimages of the idols which his people worshipped. Prophet
Ibrahim (alayhis salam) grew up in an atmosphere of paganism, in which
Allah was just one of many gods worshipped by his people. But Allah
chose Ibrahim (alayhis salam) to be His prophet.Prophet Ibrahim
(alayhis salam) saw a star when it rose and called upon it as his
lord, but when it set he realized that it was powerless. He called
upon the moon when it rose in the sky, but it toodisappeared as
itset. Then he decided toworship the sun when it rose, but even the
sun with all its brilliance had to set each evening. It wasat this
point that Prophet Ibrahim (alayhis salam) was ready to acknowledgethe
supremacy of the Creatorof all the heavenly bodies, the Lord of all
creation, and a being without equal and withoutpartners. He tried
unsuccessfully to persuadehis father and his people to discard the
useless idolsand to submit themselves wholly to Allah. He promised his
father that he would pray for forgiveness for him, and since he had
promised, he did pray. But we are told in the Qur'an that we should
shun pagans and we should not pray for them(Qur'an 9:113-114).
Prophet Ibrahim (alayhissalam) asked his people why they worshipped
those idols which they themselves had made, instead of the true God
who had created everything and everybody.The people answered that they
worshipped the idols because their fathers had done so. One day, when
noone was about, Prophet Ibrahim (alayhissalam) took his right hand
and smashed the idols topieces, all except the biggest. The people
came running, asking who had destroyed theirgods. Prophet Ibrahim
(alayhis salam) pointed to the big god and said,"He did it. Why don't
you ask them?" But of course those fragments of stone were not able to
speak and the people knew in their hearts thatthe big stone could not
have destroyed them. SoProphet Ibrahim (alayhissalam) asked, "Why do
you worship these powerless rocks instead of Allah who is all
powerful?" Then the people were very angry and they seized Prophet
Ibrahim (alayhis salam) and threw him into a blazing fire. But Allah
was with Prophet Ibrahim (alayhis salam) and made the blaze feel cool
to him. Prophet Ibrahim (alayhis salam) emerged from the fire
unharmed.
In Arabia at the time of the prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him),
threereligious groups claimed ancestry to the prophet Ibrahim (alayhis
salam). They were the Christians, the Jews, and the pagan
idol-worshippers. But the religion of Ibrahim (alayhissalam) was none
of these three. His religion was truly that ofIslam , a total
submission to the will of Allah. It is he who shouldserve as our role
model, a man of unswerving faith introubled times.
You can read about Prophet Ibrahim (alayhissalam) as a role model
andabout his disputes over the idols in the following suras of the
Qur'an: 2:130, 135, 258; 3:67; 6:74-83; 16:120-123; 19:41-50;
21:51-71; 26:70-82; 37:83-98; 60:4-6.
We often see the term"role model" in newspapers and magazines. It
refers to someone who leads the sort of life that you would like to
live. Many of us choose our favorite sports star or film star as our
role model because we are impressed by the glitter and flair of these
wealthy people. However, if we stopped to think about what kind of
lives the starsreally lead, perhaps we would have second thoughts
about our choice of role model. How many of these stars have never
known or have forgotten Allah in their quest for fame and riches! How
often are they consumedby hate, envy, violence, drugs and other
evils! Whoreally wants that kind of life? Certainly not we Muslims.
The Qur'an tells us that theprophets should be our role models, and
Prophet Ibrahim (alayhissalam) in particular is frequently mentioned.
He was obedient to Allah, upright, and he did not worship any godbut
Allah. He turned away from those who worshipped idols, even from his
own father. He was grateful to Allah for the blessings which were
bestowed on him. Hewasrewarded with good in this world and he is
among the righteous in the hereafter.
Prophet Ibrahim's call
Prophet Ibrahim 's (alayhis salam) father, Azer, was a stone carver.
He carved theimages of the idols which his people worshipped. Prophet
Ibrahim (alayhis salam) grew up in an atmosphere of paganism, in which
Allah was just one of many gods worshipped by his people. But Allah
chose Ibrahim (alayhis salam) to be His prophet.Prophet Ibrahim
(alayhis salam) saw a star when it rose and called upon it as his
lord, but when it set he realized that it was powerless. He called
upon the moon when it rose in the sky, but it toodisappeared as
itset. Then he decided toworship the sun when it rose, but even the
sun with all its brilliance had to set each evening. It wasat this
point that Prophet Ibrahim (alayhis salam) was ready to acknowledgethe
supremacy of the Creatorof all the heavenly bodies, the Lord of all
creation, and a being without equal and withoutpartners. He tried
unsuccessfully to persuadehis father and his people to discard the
useless idolsand to submit themselves wholly to Allah. He promised his
father that he would pray for forgiveness for him, and since he had
promised, he did pray. But we are told in the Qur'an that we should
shun pagans and we should not pray for them(Qur'an 9:113-114).
Prophet Ibrahim (alayhissalam) asked his people why they worshipped
those idols which they themselves had made, instead of the true God
who had created everything and everybody.The people answered that they
worshipped the idols because their fathers had done so. One day, when
noone was about, Prophet Ibrahim (alayhissalam) took his right hand
and smashed the idols topieces, all except the biggest. The people
came running, asking who had destroyed theirgods. Prophet Ibrahim
(alayhis salam) pointed to the big god and said,"He did it. Why don't
you ask them?" But of course those fragments of stone were not able to
speak and the people knew in their hearts thatthe big stone could not
have destroyed them. SoProphet Ibrahim (alayhissalam) asked, "Why do
you worship these powerless rocks instead of Allah who is all
powerful?" Then the people were very angry and they seized Prophet
Ibrahim (alayhis salam) and threw him into a blazing fire. But Allah
was with Prophet Ibrahim (alayhis salam) and made the blaze feel cool
to him. Prophet Ibrahim (alayhis salam) emerged from the fire
unharmed.
In Arabia at the time of the prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him),
threereligious groups claimed ancestry to the prophet Ibrahim (alayhis
salam). They were the Christians, the Jews, and the pagan
idol-worshippers. But the religion of Ibrahim (alayhissalam) was none
of these three. His religion was truly that ofIslam , a total
submission to the will of Allah. It is he who shouldserve as our role
model, a man of unswerving faith introubled times.
You can read about Prophet Ibrahim (alayhissalam) as a role model
andabout his disputes over the idols in the following suras of the
Qur'an: 2:130, 135, 258; 3:67; 6:74-83; 16:120-123; 19:41-50;
21:51-71; 26:70-82; 37:83-98; 60:4-6.
Inspirational Quotes
®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®©®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®
-
Destiny belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams
nhave the courage to pursue it.
All d right things r not possible always.All d possible things r not
right always.Be true 2 Both ur Mind n Heart,U 'llNever Go Wrong.
When unexpected situation comes in front of u,what does it mean?It
means that u r moving ahead faster than u expected.
'If you want something that you never had,do something that you
havenever done before'.
There is neither this world nor the world beyond nor happiness for the
one who doubts.
A truly rich man is one whose children run into his arms when his
hands are empty.
'People are where they are because that's exactly where they
reallywant to be.whether they'll admit that or not'.
There can be no happiness if the things we believe in are different
from the thingswe do.
Anything in life that we don't accept will simply make trouble for us
untilwe make peace with it.
God,grant me the serenity to accept the things I cannot change,the
courage to change the things I can,and the wisdom to know the
difference.
®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®©®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®
--
- - - - -
And Allah Knows the Best!
- - - - -
Published by :->
M NajimudeeN Bsc- INDIA
¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤
-
Destiny belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams
nhave the courage to pursue it.
All d right things r not possible always.All d possible things r not
right always.Be true 2 Both ur Mind n Heart,U 'llNever Go Wrong.
When unexpected situation comes in front of u,what does it mean?It
means that u r moving ahead faster than u expected.
'If you want something that you never had,do something that you
havenever done before'.
There is neither this world nor the world beyond nor happiness for the
one who doubts.
A truly rich man is one whose children run into his arms when his
hands are empty.
'People are where they are because that's exactly where they
reallywant to be.whether they'll admit that or not'.
There can be no happiness if the things we believe in are different
from the thingswe do.
Anything in life that we don't accept will simply make trouble for us
untilwe make peace with it.
God,grant me the serenity to accept the things I cannot change,the
courage to change the things I can,and the wisdom to know the
difference.
®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®©®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®®
--
- - - - -
And Allah Knows the Best!
- - - - -
Published by :->
M NajimudeeN Bsc- INDIA
¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤
List of star names having Arabic origin
List of star names having Arabic origin
In the following, we present a list of Arabic Star Names. This list
does not contain all documented star names in the Arabic nomenclature.
Note also that some stars may have more than one Arabic name (such as:
Gamma Gem, Eta UMa, Beta Cet, Lambda Ori, Alpha Psc, Beta Ori ), and
that some star names may be composites of Arabic and Latin words (such
as: Alula Australis (Xi UMa). Some of the above namesare still used in
the sky atlases, while others are rarely used, and others disappeared
from astronomical atlases.
No. Proper Name Arabic Name Meaning Star
01 Acamar Akhir an-Nahr End of the river Theta Eri
02 Achernar Akhir an-Nahr End of the river Alpha Eri
03 Acrab Al-'Aqrab The scorpion Beta Sco
04 Acubens Az-Zubana The claw Alpha Cnc
05 Adhafera Ad-Dafirah The curl Zeta Leo
06 Adhara Al-'Adhara The maidens Epsilon CMa
07 Ain 'Ain "Eye" of the Bull Epsilon Tau
08 Albali Al-Bali' The swallower Epsilon Aqr
09 Alchibah Al-Khiba' The tent Alpha Crv
10 Aldebaran Ad-Dabaran "Follower" of the Pleiades Alpha Tau
11 Alderamin Adh-Dhira' al-Yamin ? The right forearm ? Alpha Cep
12 Alfirk Al-Firq The flock Beta Cep
13 Algedi Al-Jady The goat Alpha Cap
14 Algenib Al-Janb The flank Gamma Peg
15 Algieba Al-Jabhah "The forehead" of the lion Gamma Leo
16 Algebar Al-Jabbar The giant Beta Ori
17 Algol Al-Ghul The ghoul Beta Per
18 Algorab Al-Ghurab The raven Delta Crv
19 Alhena Al-Han'ah The brand-mark Gamma Gem
20 Alioth Al-Jawn The black horse Epsilon UMa
21 Alkaid Al-Qa'id "Leader" of the mourning maidens Eta UMa
22 Alkes Al-Ka's The cup Alpha Crt
23 Almak 'Anaq al-Ard Earth-kid Gamma And
24 Almeisan Al-Maisan The shining one Gamma Gem
25 Alnair An-Nayyir The bright one Alpha Gru
26 Alnair An-Nayyir The bright one Zeta Cen
27 Alnilam An-Nidham The string of pearls Epsilon Ori
28 Alnitak An-Nitaq The belt Zeta Ori
29 Alphard Al-Fard The solitary one Alpha Hya
30 Alphecca Al-Fakkah "The broken" ring of stars Alpha CrB
31 Alpheratz Surrat al-Faras Navel of the steed Alpha And
32 Alsafi Al-Athafi "The tripods" for cooking on Sigma Dra
33 Alsuhail Suhail Un-translated Lambda Vel
34 Altair At-Ta'ir "The flying" eagle Alpha Aql
35 Altais At-Tinnin The great serpent Delta Dra
36 Alterf At-Tarf "The glance" of the lion Lambda Leo
37 Aludra Al-'Udhrah The maidenhead Eta CMa
38 Alula Australis Al-Qafzah al-Ula The southern one of "thefirst leap" Xi UMa
39 Alula Borealis Al-Qafzah al-Ula The northern one of "thefirst leap" Nu UMa
40 Alya Al-Alyah The fatty tail of a sheep Theta Ser
41 Angetenar 'Arjat an-Nahr Curve of the river Tau2 Eri
42 Ankaa Al-'Anka' Phoenix Alpha Phe
43 Arkab Al-'Urqub The heel-tendon Beta Sgr
44 Arneb Al-Arnab The hare Alpha Lep
45 Arrakis Ar-Raqis The dancer Mu Dra
46 Atik Al-'Atiq "The shoulder" of the Pleiades Omicron Per
47 Auva Al-'Awwa' The barker Delta Vir
48 Azha Al-Udhi The hatching-place Eta Eri
49 Baham Al-Biham The livestock Theta Peg
50 Baten Kaitos Batn Qaytus Belly of Cetus Zeta Cet
51 Beid Al-Baid The eggs Omicron1 Eri
52 Benetnash Banat Na'sh Daughters of the bier Eta UMa
53 Betelgeuse Yad al-Jauza' Hand of Orion Alpha Ori
54 Botein Al-Butain The little belly Delta Ari
55 Caph Al-Kaff "The palm" of the Pleiades Beta Cas
56 Celbalrai Kalb ar-Ra'i The shepherd's dog Beta Oph
57 Chort Al-Kharat The rib Theta Leo
58 Cursa Al-Kursi The chair Beta Eri
59 Dabih Sa'd adh-dhabih The lucky star of "the slaughterer" Beta Cap
60 Deneb Dhanab ad-Dajajah Tail of the hen Alpha Cyg
61 Deneb Dhanab ad-Dulfin Tail of the Dolphin Epsilon Del
62 Deneb Algedi Dhanab al-Jady Tail of the goat Delta Cap
63 Deneb Kaitos Dhanab Qaytus Tail of Cetus Beta Cet
64 Denebola Dhanab al-Asad Tail of the lion Beta Leo
65 Diphda Ad-Difdi' The frog Beta Cet
67 Dschubba Al-Jabhah "The forehead" of the scorpion Delta Sco
68 Dubhe Ad-Dubb The bear Alpha UMa
69 Dziban Adh-Dhi'ban The two wolves Psi Dra
70 Edasich Adh-Dhikh The hyena Iota Dra
71 El Nath An-Nath The butting Beta Tau
72 Eltanin At-Tinnin The great serpent Gamma Dra
73 Enif Al-Anf The nose Epsilon Peg
74 Errai Ar-Ra'i The shepherd Gamma Cep
75 Fomalhaut Fam al-Hut Mouth of the fish Alpha PsA
76 Furud Al-Furud "Individual" stars Zeta CMa
77 Gienah Al-Janah The wing Gamma Crv
78 Gienah Al-Janah The wing Epsilon Cyg
79 Gomeisa Al-Ghumaisa' The bleary-eyed one Beta CMi
80 Hadar Hadar Un-translated Beta Cen
81 Hamal Al-Hamal The ram Alpha Ari
82 Heka Al-Haq'ah The white spot Lambda Ori
83 Homam Sa'd al-humam The lucky star of "the high-minded man" Zeta Peg
84 Izar Al-Izar The loin-cloth Epsilon Boo
85 Jabbah Al-Jabhah "The forehead" of the scorpion Nu Sco
86 Kaffaljidhma Al-Kaff al-Jadhma' The cut-short hand Gamma Cet 87
Kaus Australis Al-Qaus The southern one of "thebow" Epsilon Sgr
88 Kaus Borealis Al-Qaus The northern one of "thebow" Lambda Sgr
89 Kaus Media Al-Qaus The middle one of "the bow" Delta Sgr
90 Keid Al-Qaid The broken egg-shells Omicron2 Eri
91 Kitalpha Qit'at al-Faras Part of the horse Alpha Equ
92 Kokab Al-Kaukab The star Beta UMi
93 Kurhah Al-Qurhah "The blaze" on a horse's brow Xi Cep
94 Lesath Al-Las'ah The sting Upsilon Sco
95 Maasym Al-Mi'sam The wrist Lambda Her
96 Maaz Al-Ma'z The he-goat Epsilon Aur
97 Marfik Al-Mirfaq The elbow Lambda Oph
98 Markab Mankib al-Faras "The shoulder" of the horse Alpha Peg
99 Matar Sa'd Matar The lucky star of "the rain" Eta Peg
100 Mebsuta Al-Mabsutah "The outstretched" paw Epsilon Gem
101 Megrez Al-Maghriz "The insertion-point" of the Bear's tail Delta UMa
102 Meissa Al-Maisan The shining one Lambda Ori
103 Mekbuda Al-Maqbudah "The pulled-in" paw Zeta Gem
104 Menkalinan Mankib Dhi-al-'Inan Shoulder of the rein-holder Beta Aur
105 Menkar Al-Minkhar The nostril Alpha Cet
106 Menkib Al-Mankib "The shoulder" of the Pleiades Xi Per
107 Merak Al-Maraqq The loins Beta UMa
108 Mintaka Al-Mintaqah The belt Delta Ori
109 Mirak Al-Mi'zar The loin-cloth Beta And
110 Mirfak Al-Mirfaq "The elbow" of the Pleiades Alpha Per
111 Mizar Al-Maraqq The loins Zeta UMa
112 Mothallah Al-Muthallath The triangle Alpha Tri
113 Muphrid Al-Mufrid The solitary one Eta Boo
114 Murzim Al-Murzim The roarer Beta CMa
115 Nashira Sa'd Nashirah The lucky star of Nashirah (un-translated) Gamma Cap
116 Nekkar Al-Baqqar The cattleman Beta Boo
117 Nasl An-Nasl The arrowhead Gamma Sgr
118 Nihal An-Nihal The camels quenching their thirst Beta Lep
119 Nusakan An-Nasaqan The two series Beta CrB
120 Okda Al-'Uqdah The knot Alpha Psc
121 Phact Al-Fakhitah The dove Alpha Col
123 Phad Al-Fakhidh The thigh Gamma UMa
124 Pherkad Al-Farqad The calf Gamma UMi
125 Rasalased Ra's al-Asad Head of the lion Mu Leo
126 Rasalgethi Ra's al-Jathi Head of the kneeling one Alpha Her
127 Rasalhague Ra's al-Hawwa' Head of the snake-man Alpha Oph
128 Rastaban Ra's ath-Thu'ban Head of the snake Beta Dra
129 Rigel Ar-Rijl The foot Beta Ori
130 Rigilkent Rijl Qanturus Foot of the centaur Alpha Cen
131 Risha Ar-Risha' The rope Alpha Psc
132 Rukbah Ar-Rukbah The knee Delta Cas
133 Rukbat Ar-Rukbah The knee Alpha Sgr
134 Sabik As-Sabiq The preceding Eta Oph
135 Sadachbia Sa'd al-Akhbiyah Lucky star of the tents Gamma Aqr
136 Sadalbari Sa'd al-Bari' Lucky star of the excellent one Mu Peg
137 Sadalmelik Sa'd al-Malik Lucky star of the king Alpha Aqr
138 Sadalsuud Sa'd as-Su'ud Luck of lucks Beta Aqr
139 Sadr As-Sadr The breast Gamma Cyg
140 Saiph As-Saif The sword Kappa Ori
141 Scheat As-Saq The leg Beta Peg
142 Shaula Ash-Shaulah The raised tail of the scorpion Lambda Sco
143 Shedir As-Sadr The breast Alpha Cas
144 Sheratan Ash-Sharatan The two signs Beta Ari
145 Sirrah Surrat al-Faras Navel of the steed Alpha And
146 Skat As-Saq The leg Delta Aqr
147 Sulafat As-Sulahfah The tortoise Gamma Lyr
148 Tania Australis Ath-Thaniyah The southern one of "thesecond" leap Mu UMa
149 Tania Borealis Ath-Thaniyah The northern one of "thesecond" leap Lambda UMa
150 Talitha Australis Ath-Thalithah The southern one of "thethird"
leap Kappa UMa
151 Talitha Borealis Ath-Thalithah The northern one of "thethird" leap Iota UMa
152 Tarf At-Tarf "The glance" of the lion Beta Cnc
153 Thuban Ath-Thu'ban The snake Alpha Dra
154 Unukalhai 'Unuq al-Hayyah Neck of the snake Alpha Ser
155 Vega Al-Waqi' "The stooping" eagle Alpha Lyr
156 Wasat Wasat as-Sama' "Middle" of the sky Delta Gem
157 Wazn Al-Wazn The weight Beta Col
158 Wezen Al-Wazn The weight Delta CMa
159 Yed Prior Al-Yad The preceding one of"the hand" Delta Oph
160 Yed Posterior Al-Yad The succeeding one of"the hand" Epsilon Oph
161 Zaniah Az-Zawiyah The angle Epsilon Vir
162 Zaurac Az-Zawraq The boat Gamma Eri
163 Zavijava Zawiyat al-'Awwa' Angle of the barker Beta Vir
164 Zubenelgenubi Az-Zuban al-Janubi The southern claw Alpha Lib
165 Zubeneshamali Az-Zuban ash-Shamali The northern claw Beta Lib
In the following, we present a list of Arabic Star Names. This list
does not contain all documented star names in the Arabic nomenclature.
Note also that some stars may have more than one Arabic name (such as:
Gamma Gem, Eta UMa, Beta Cet, Lambda Ori, Alpha Psc, Beta Ori ), and
that some star names may be composites of Arabic and Latin words (such
as: Alula Australis (Xi UMa). Some of the above namesare still used in
the sky atlases, while others are rarely used, and others disappeared
from astronomical atlases.
No. Proper Name Arabic Name Meaning Star
01 Acamar Akhir an-Nahr End of the river Theta Eri
02 Achernar Akhir an-Nahr End of the river Alpha Eri
03 Acrab Al-'Aqrab The scorpion Beta Sco
04 Acubens Az-Zubana The claw Alpha Cnc
05 Adhafera Ad-Dafirah The curl Zeta Leo
06 Adhara Al-'Adhara The maidens Epsilon CMa
07 Ain 'Ain "Eye" of the Bull Epsilon Tau
08 Albali Al-Bali' The swallower Epsilon Aqr
09 Alchibah Al-Khiba' The tent Alpha Crv
10 Aldebaran Ad-Dabaran "Follower" of the Pleiades Alpha Tau
11 Alderamin Adh-Dhira' al-Yamin ? The right forearm ? Alpha Cep
12 Alfirk Al-Firq The flock Beta Cep
13 Algedi Al-Jady The goat Alpha Cap
14 Algenib Al-Janb The flank Gamma Peg
15 Algieba Al-Jabhah "The forehead" of the lion Gamma Leo
16 Algebar Al-Jabbar The giant Beta Ori
17 Algol Al-Ghul The ghoul Beta Per
18 Algorab Al-Ghurab The raven Delta Crv
19 Alhena Al-Han'ah The brand-mark Gamma Gem
20 Alioth Al-Jawn The black horse Epsilon UMa
21 Alkaid Al-Qa'id "Leader" of the mourning maidens Eta UMa
22 Alkes Al-Ka's The cup Alpha Crt
23 Almak 'Anaq al-Ard Earth-kid Gamma And
24 Almeisan Al-Maisan The shining one Gamma Gem
25 Alnair An-Nayyir The bright one Alpha Gru
26 Alnair An-Nayyir The bright one Zeta Cen
27 Alnilam An-Nidham The string of pearls Epsilon Ori
28 Alnitak An-Nitaq The belt Zeta Ori
29 Alphard Al-Fard The solitary one Alpha Hya
30 Alphecca Al-Fakkah "The broken" ring of stars Alpha CrB
31 Alpheratz Surrat al-Faras Navel of the steed Alpha And
32 Alsafi Al-Athafi "The tripods" for cooking on Sigma Dra
33 Alsuhail Suhail Un-translated Lambda Vel
34 Altair At-Ta'ir "The flying" eagle Alpha Aql
35 Altais At-Tinnin The great serpent Delta Dra
36 Alterf At-Tarf "The glance" of the lion Lambda Leo
37 Aludra Al-'Udhrah The maidenhead Eta CMa
38 Alula Australis Al-Qafzah al-Ula The southern one of "thefirst leap" Xi UMa
39 Alula Borealis Al-Qafzah al-Ula The northern one of "thefirst leap" Nu UMa
40 Alya Al-Alyah The fatty tail of a sheep Theta Ser
41 Angetenar 'Arjat an-Nahr Curve of the river Tau2 Eri
42 Ankaa Al-'Anka' Phoenix Alpha Phe
43 Arkab Al-'Urqub The heel-tendon Beta Sgr
44 Arneb Al-Arnab The hare Alpha Lep
45 Arrakis Ar-Raqis The dancer Mu Dra
46 Atik Al-'Atiq "The shoulder" of the Pleiades Omicron Per
47 Auva Al-'Awwa' The barker Delta Vir
48 Azha Al-Udhi The hatching-place Eta Eri
49 Baham Al-Biham The livestock Theta Peg
50 Baten Kaitos Batn Qaytus Belly of Cetus Zeta Cet
51 Beid Al-Baid The eggs Omicron1 Eri
52 Benetnash Banat Na'sh Daughters of the bier Eta UMa
53 Betelgeuse Yad al-Jauza' Hand of Orion Alpha Ori
54 Botein Al-Butain The little belly Delta Ari
55 Caph Al-Kaff "The palm" of the Pleiades Beta Cas
56 Celbalrai Kalb ar-Ra'i The shepherd's dog Beta Oph
57 Chort Al-Kharat The rib Theta Leo
58 Cursa Al-Kursi The chair Beta Eri
59 Dabih Sa'd adh-dhabih The lucky star of "the slaughterer" Beta Cap
60 Deneb Dhanab ad-Dajajah Tail of the hen Alpha Cyg
61 Deneb Dhanab ad-Dulfin Tail of the Dolphin Epsilon Del
62 Deneb Algedi Dhanab al-Jady Tail of the goat Delta Cap
63 Deneb Kaitos Dhanab Qaytus Tail of Cetus Beta Cet
64 Denebola Dhanab al-Asad Tail of the lion Beta Leo
65 Diphda Ad-Difdi' The frog Beta Cet
67 Dschubba Al-Jabhah "The forehead" of the scorpion Delta Sco
68 Dubhe Ad-Dubb The bear Alpha UMa
69 Dziban Adh-Dhi'ban The two wolves Psi Dra
70 Edasich Adh-Dhikh The hyena Iota Dra
71 El Nath An-Nath The butting Beta Tau
72 Eltanin At-Tinnin The great serpent Gamma Dra
73 Enif Al-Anf The nose Epsilon Peg
74 Errai Ar-Ra'i The shepherd Gamma Cep
75 Fomalhaut Fam al-Hut Mouth of the fish Alpha PsA
76 Furud Al-Furud "Individual" stars Zeta CMa
77 Gienah Al-Janah The wing Gamma Crv
78 Gienah Al-Janah The wing Epsilon Cyg
79 Gomeisa Al-Ghumaisa' The bleary-eyed one Beta CMi
80 Hadar Hadar Un-translated Beta Cen
81 Hamal Al-Hamal The ram Alpha Ari
82 Heka Al-Haq'ah The white spot Lambda Ori
83 Homam Sa'd al-humam The lucky star of "the high-minded man" Zeta Peg
84 Izar Al-Izar The loin-cloth Epsilon Boo
85 Jabbah Al-Jabhah "The forehead" of the scorpion Nu Sco
86 Kaffaljidhma Al-Kaff al-Jadhma' The cut-short hand Gamma Cet 87
Kaus Australis Al-Qaus The southern one of "thebow" Epsilon Sgr
88 Kaus Borealis Al-Qaus The northern one of "thebow" Lambda Sgr
89 Kaus Media Al-Qaus The middle one of "the bow" Delta Sgr
90 Keid Al-Qaid The broken egg-shells Omicron2 Eri
91 Kitalpha Qit'at al-Faras Part of the horse Alpha Equ
92 Kokab Al-Kaukab The star Beta UMi
93 Kurhah Al-Qurhah "The blaze" on a horse's brow Xi Cep
94 Lesath Al-Las'ah The sting Upsilon Sco
95 Maasym Al-Mi'sam The wrist Lambda Her
96 Maaz Al-Ma'z The he-goat Epsilon Aur
97 Marfik Al-Mirfaq The elbow Lambda Oph
98 Markab Mankib al-Faras "The shoulder" of the horse Alpha Peg
99 Matar Sa'd Matar The lucky star of "the rain" Eta Peg
100 Mebsuta Al-Mabsutah "The outstretched" paw Epsilon Gem
101 Megrez Al-Maghriz "The insertion-point" of the Bear's tail Delta UMa
102 Meissa Al-Maisan The shining one Lambda Ori
103 Mekbuda Al-Maqbudah "The pulled-in" paw Zeta Gem
104 Menkalinan Mankib Dhi-al-'Inan Shoulder of the rein-holder Beta Aur
105 Menkar Al-Minkhar The nostril Alpha Cet
106 Menkib Al-Mankib "The shoulder" of the Pleiades Xi Per
107 Merak Al-Maraqq The loins Beta UMa
108 Mintaka Al-Mintaqah The belt Delta Ori
109 Mirak Al-Mi'zar The loin-cloth Beta And
110 Mirfak Al-Mirfaq "The elbow" of the Pleiades Alpha Per
111 Mizar Al-Maraqq The loins Zeta UMa
112 Mothallah Al-Muthallath The triangle Alpha Tri
113 Muphrid Al-Mufrid The solitary one Eta Boo
114 Murzim Al-Murzim The roarer Beta CMa
115 Nashira Sa'd Nashirah The lucky star of Nashirah (un-translated) Gamma Cap
116 Nekkar Al-Baqqar The cattleman Beta Boo
117 Nasl An-Nasl The arrowhead Gamma Sgr
118 Nihal An-Nihal The camels quenching their thirst Beta Lep
119 Nusakan An-Nasaqan The two series Beta CrB
120 Okda Al-'Uqdah The knot Alpha Psc
121 Phact Al-Fakhitah The dove Alpha Col
123 Phad Al-Fakhidh The thigh Gamma UMa
124 Pherkad Al-Farqad The calf Gamma UMi
125 Rasalased Ra's al-Asad Head of the lion Mu Leo
126 Rasalgethi Ra's al-Jathi Head of the kneeling one Alpha Her
127 Rasalhague Ra's al-Hawwa' Head of the snake-man Alpha Oph
128 Rastaban Ra's ath-Thu'ban Head of the snake Beta Dra
129 Rigel Ar-Rijl The foot Beta Ori
130 Rigilkent Rijl Qanturus Foot of the centaur Alpha Cen
131 Risha Ar-Risha' The rope Alpha Psc
132 Rukbah Ar-Rukbah The knee Delta Cas
133 Rukbat Ar-Rukbah The knee Alpha Sgr
134 Sabik As-Sabiq The preceding Eta Oph
135 Sadachbia Sa'd al-Akhbiyah Lucky star of the tents Gamma Aqr
136 Sadalbari Sa'd al-Bari' Lucky star of the excellent one Mu Peg
137 Sadalmelik Sa'd al-Malik Lucky star of the king Alpha Aqr
138 Sadalsuud Sa'd as-Su'ud Luck of lucks Beta Aqr
139 Sadr As-Sadr The breast Gamma Cyg
140 Saiph As-Saif The sword Kappa Ori
141 Scheat As-Saq The leg Beta Peg
142 Shaula Ash-Shaulah The raised tail of the scorpion Lambda Sco
143 Shedir As-Sadr The breast Alpha Cas
144 Sheratan Ash-Sharatan The two signs Beta Ari
145 Sirrah Surrat al-Faras Navel of the steed Alpha And
146 Skat As-Saq The leg Delta Aqr
147 Sulafat As-Sulahfah The tortoise Gamma Lyr
148 Tania Australis Ath-Thaniyah The southern one of "thesecond" leap Mu UMa
149 Tania Borealis Ath-Thaniyah The northern one of "thesecond" leap Lambda UMa
150 Talitha Australis Ath-Thalithah The southern one of "thethird"
leap Kappa UMa
151 Talitha Borealis Ath-Thalithah The northern one of "thethird" leap Iota UMa
152 Tarf At-Tarf "The glance" of the lion Beta Cnc
153 Thuban Ath-Thu'ban The snake Alpha Dra
154 Unukalhai 'Unuq al-Hayyah Neck of the snake Alpha Ser
155 Vega Al-Waqi' "The stooping" eagle Alpha Lyr
156 Wasat Wasat as-Sama' "Middle" of the sky Delta Gem
157 Wazn Al-Wazn The weight Beta Col
158 Wezen Al-Wazn The weight Delta CMa
159 Yed Prior Al-Yad The preceding one of"the hand" Delta Oph
160 Yed Posterior Al-Yad The succeeding one of"the hand" Epsilon Oph
161 Zaniah Az-Zawiyah The angle Epsilon Vir
162 Zaurac Az-Zawraq The boat Gamma Eri
163 Zavijava Zawiyat al-'Awwa' Angle of the barker Beta Vir
164 Zubenelgenubi Az-Zuban al-Janubi The southern claw Alpha Lib
165 Zubeneshamali Az-Zuban ash-Shamali The northern claw Beta Lib
Science Astronomy Arabic Star Names: A Treasure of Knowledge Shared by the World
The origin of star names
Regardless of origin, almost all star names belong to old traditions.
They are a part of the collective cultural heritage of humanity.
Modern astronomers study many stars too faint to see without a
telescope, and these are so numerous they are known only by
cataloguenumbers and coordinates. As a result, official star names are
essentially limited to the old names, and typically only bright stars
have names.
The majority of stars names are related to their constellation, e.g.,
the star Deneb means"tail" and labels that part of Cygnus the Swan.
Others describe the star itself, such as Sirius , which translates
literally as "scorching," apt enough for the brightest star in the
sky. Quite a lot of prominent stars bear Arabic names, in which
alcorresponds to the article"the" and often appears in front, e.g.,
Algol , "The Ghoul." Its inclusion has become somewhat arbitrary over
time. Hence, several star namesof Arabic origin are givenelsewhere
with or without the al- prefix. Most other names of starsinherited
from the past have Greek, Latin or Chinese labels.
History of Arabic Star Names
Large image
Figure 2: The depiction of Orion, as seen from Earth (left) and a
mirror-image, from a 13th-century copy of al-Sufi's Book of the Fixed
Stars. In this version, Orion's shield has become a long sleeve,
typical of Islamic dress. Source: http://www.ianridpath.com/
startales/startales1b.htm .
Ptolemy, the Greek astronomer who lived and worked around 100-178 CE
in Alexandria, Egypt, collected ancient Greek descriptions of 1,022
stars in his famous book The Great System of Astronomy , popularised
under its shortened Arabic title, the Almagest. Ptolemy's catalogue of
stars arranged into 48 constellations, with estimates of their
brightness, based largely on the observations of the Greek earlier
astronomers, such as Hipparchus.
Ptolemy's book was translated twice into Arabic in the 9th century and
became famous. Many of the Arabic-language star descriptions in the
Almagest came to be usedwidely as names for stars.The leading expert
on star names in Islamic astronomy, the German historian Paul
Kunitzsch, has identified two traditions of star names in Muslim
heritage. The first is the traditional starfolklore of the Muslim
peoples which he has named "indigenous-Arabic", the second beingthe
scientific Islamic Arabic tradition, which he designates
"scientific-Arabic".
Large image
Figure 3: Depiction of star patterns for the Celestial Twins ofthe
constellation Gemini in al-Sufi's catalogue of stars. Source:
http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/
issue/200703/rediscovering.
arabic.science.htm .
When the Arabic texts were translated into Latin beginning from the
12th century, the Arabic tradition of star names was passed down to
the Latin world. However, this happened often in a highly corrupted
form that either changed the meaning, or in extreme cases gave birth
to wordswith no meaning at all. Other names were mistakenly
transferred from one star to another,so that a name might even refer
to a different constellation (Greek or Arabic) rather than to theone
of the star's actual residence.
Nevertheless, even with these shortcomings, the majority of star names
adopted since the Renaissance are Arabic inorigin. In 1603, German
astronomer Johann Bayer(1572-1625) instituted a system of assigning
Greek letters to stars (Bayer designation), consisting of a lowercase
Greek letter followed by the genitive name of the constellation. The
letters are usually assigned to the stars in the order of their
brightness within a given constellation. For instance, the brightest
star in a constellation"Alpha" was rendered as"the second Beta," and
soon. To the Greek letter name is appended the Latin possessive form
of the constellation name. Thus the brightest star in Lyra, Vega (an
Arabic proper name), becomes Alpha of Lyra or Alpha Lyrae (where
"Lyrae" means "of Lyra").
Al-Sufi's Book of the FixedStars
Large image
Figure 4: Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, Tarcama-i Kitab-i Suvaru'l-kevâkib ,
Süleymaniye Library, MS Ayasofya 2595, fol. 25b-26a. Figure of
Cassiopeia, dhât al-kursî(the seated one). The constellation, composed
of 13 stars, represents the figure of a woman seated on a cushioned
chair. The largest of the stars, in the cushion upon which one of
Cassiopeia's elbows rests, is called al-kaff al-khadib (written
al-hadîb), maning "the hand of the dyed one".
One of those who left an indelib`le influence on the Arabic
observation and study of stars is the astronomer Abu al-Husayn 'Abd
Al-Rahman al-Sufi (903-986), known also by his Latinized name of
Azophi, who systematically revised Ptolemy's catalogue of stars.
Al-Sufi produced a revised and updated version of Ptolemy's Almagest
in a major bookcalled Kitab suwar al-kawakib (The Book of Fixed
Stars), completed around 964 CE. Built on the basis of the Greek
astronomical heritage, the work of al- Sufi contained a listing of the
Arabs' own star names, magnitudes determined by al-Sufi himself, and
two drawings of each constellation, one as it is seen in the sky and
one reversed right to left as itwould appear on a celestial globe. The
oldestsurviving copy was produced by his son around 1010 CE and is
preserved in the Bodleian Library, Oxford (MS Marsh 144).
Large image
Figure 5: Depiction of star patterns for the Celestial Twins (Jawza)
of the constellation Gemini in Nasir al-Din al-Tusi's Tarcama-i
Kitab-i Suvaru'l-kevâkib , Süleymaniye Library, MS Ayasofya 2595, fol.
51b.
According to Paul Kunitzsch, the German authority on Arabic star
names, local tradition of the peoples of Islamic lands in the Arabian
Peninsula and in the Middle East had their own names for various
bright stars such as Aldebaran, and they commonly regarded single
stars as representing animals or people. For example, the stars we
know as Alpha and Beta Ophiuchi were regarded by them as a shepherd
and his dog, while neighbouring starsmade up the outlines of afield
with sheep. Some ofthe Arabic names were already so many centuries old
that their meanings were lost even to al-Sufi and his contemporaries,
and theyremain unknown today. Other star names used by al-Sufi and his
compatriots were direct translations of Ptolemy's descriptions. For
example, the star name Fomalhaut comes from the Arabic meaning"mouth
of the southern fish", which is where Ptolemy had described it in the
Almagest.
Large image
Figure 6: Depiction of star patterns fort he Pegasus
(al-Farasal-a'zam) constellations from Nasir al-Din al-Tusi's
Tarcama-i Kitab-i Suvaru'l-kevâkib , Süleymaniye Library, MS Ayasofya
2595, fol. 37a.
Al-Sufi did his own brightness and magnitude estimates which
frequently deviated from those in Ptolemy's work. He identified the
Large Magellanic Cloud, which is visible from Yemen, though not from
Isfahan in the centre of Iran where he worked; it was not seen by
Europeans until Magellan's voyage in the 16th century. He also did the
earliest recorded observation of the Andromeda Galaxy, which he
described as a"small cloud". He observed that the eclipticplane is
inclined with respect to the celestial equator and more accurately
calculated the length of the tropical year. He observed and described
the stars, their positions, their magnitudes and their colour, setting
out his results constellation by constellation. His famous Book of
Fixed Stars was translated into Latin and had a major influence in
Europe since the 13th century, both by its textual descriptions and
pictures.
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Published by :->
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Regardless of origin, almost all star names belong to old traditions.
They are a part of the collective cultural heritage of humanity.
Modern astronomers study many stars too faint to see without a
telescope, and these are so numerous they are known only by
cataloguenumbers and coordinates. As a result, official star names are
essentially limited to the old names, and typically only bright stars
have names.
The majority of stars names are related to their constellation, e.g.,
the star Deneb means"tail" and labels that part of Cygnus the Swan.
Others describe the star itself, such as Sirius , which translates
literally as "scorching," apt enough for the brightest star in the
sky. Quite a lot of prominent stars bear Arabic names, in which
alcorresponds to the article"the" and often appears in front, e.g.,
Algol , "The Ghoul." Its inclusion has become somewhat arbitrary over
time. Hence, several star namesof Arabic origin are givenelsewhere
with or without the al- prefix. Most other names of starsinherited
from the past have Greek, Latin or Chinese labels.
History of Arabic Star Names
Large image
Figure 2: The depiction of Orion, as seen from Earth (left) and a
mirror-image, from a 13th-century copy of al-Sufi's Book of the Fixed
Stars. In this version, Orion's shield has become a long sleeve,
typical of Islamic dress. Source: http://www.ianridpath.com/
startales/startales1b.htm .
Ptolemy, the Greek astronomer who lived and worked around 100-178 CE
in Alexandria, Egypt, collected ancient Greek descriptions of 1,022
stars in his famous book The Great System of Astronomy , popularised
under its shortened Arabic title, the Almagest. Ptolemy's catalogue of
stars arranged into 48 constellations, with estimates of their
brightness, based largely on the observations of the Greek earlier
astronomers, such as Hipparchus.
Ptolemy's book was translated twice into Arabic in the 9th century and
became famous. Many of the Arabic-language star descriptions in the
Almagest came to be usedwidely as names for stars.The leading expert
on star names in Islamic astronomy, the German historian Paul
Kunitzsch, has identified two traditions of star names in Muslim
heritage. The first is the traditional starfolklore of the Muslim
peoples which he has named "indigenous-Arabic", the second beingthe
scientific Islamic Arabic tradition, which he designates
"scientific-Arabic".
Large image
Figure 3: Depiction of star patterns for the Celestial Twins ofthe
constellation Gemini in al-Sufi's catalogue of stars. Source:
http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/
issue/200703/rediscovering.
arabic.science.htm .
When the Arabic texts were translated into Latin beginning from the
12th century, the Arabic tradition of star names was passed down to
the Latin world. However, this happened often in a highly corrupted
form that either changed the meaning, or in extreme cases gave birth
to wordswith no meaning at all. Other names were mistakenly
transferred from one star to another,so that a name might even refer
to a different constellation (Greek or Arabic) rather than to theone
of the star's actual residence.
Nevertheless, even with these shortcomings, the majority of star names
adopted since the Renaissance are Arabic inorigin. In 1603, German
astronomer Johann Bayer(1572-1625) instituted a system of assigning
Greek letters to stars (Bayer designation), consisting of a lowercase
Greek letter followed by the genitive name of the constellation. The
letters are usually assigned to the stars in the order of their
brightness within a given constellation. For instance, the brightest
star in a constellation"Alpha" was rendered as"the second Beta," and
soon. To the Greek letter name is appended the Latin possessive form
of the constellation name. Thus the brightest star in Lyra, Vega (an
Arabic proper name), becomes Alpha of Lyra or Alpha Lyrae (where
"Lyrae" means "of Lyra").
Al-Sufi's Book of the FixedStars
Large image
Figure 4: Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, Tarcama-i Kitab-i Suvaru'l-kevâkib ,
Süleymaniye Library, MS Ayasofya 2595, fol. 25b-26a. Figure of
Cassiopeia, dhât al-kursî(the seated one). The constellation, composed
of 13 stars, represents the figure of a woman seated on a cushioned
chair. The largest of the stars, in the cushion upon which one of
Cassiopeia's elbows rests, is called al-kaff al-khadib (written
al-hadîb), maning "the hand of the dyed one".
One of those who left an indelib`le influence on the Arabic
observation and study of stars is the astronomer Abu al-Husayn 'Abd
Al-Rahman al-Sufi (903-986), known also by his Latinized name of
Azophi, who systematically revised Ptolemy's catalogue of stars.
Al-Sufi produced a revised and updated version of Ptolemy's Almagest
in a major bookcalled Kitab suwar al-kawakib (The Book of Fixed
Stars), completed around 964 CE. Built on the basis of the Greek
astronomical heritage, the work of al- Sufi contained a listing of the
Arabs' own star names, magnitudes determined by al-Sufi himself, and
two drawings of each constellation, one as it is seen in the sky and
one reversed right to left as itwould appear on a celestial globe. The
oldestsurviving copy was produced by his son around 1010 CE and is
preserved in the Bodleian Library, Oxford (MS Marsh 144).
Large image
Figure 5: Depiction of star patterns for the Celestial Twins (Jawza)
of the constellation Gemini in Nasir al-Din al-Tusi's Tarcama-i
Kitab-i Suvaru'l-kevâkib , Süleymaniye Library, MS Ayasofya 2595, fol.
51b.
According to Paul Kunitzsch, the German authority on Arabic star
names, local tradition of the peoples of Islamic lands in the Arabian
Peninsula and in the Middle East had their own names for various
bright stars such as Aldebaran, and they commonly regarded single
stars as representing animals or people. For example, the stars we
know as Alpha and Beta Ophiuchi were regarded by them as a shepherd
and his dog, while neighbouring starsmade up the outlines of afield
with sheep. Some ofthe Arabic names were already so many centuries old
that their meanings were lost even to al-Sufi and his contemporaries,
and theyremain unknown today. Other star names used by al-Sufi and his
compatriots were direct translations of Ptolemy's descriptions. For
example, the star name Fomalhaut comes from the Arabic meaning"mouth
of the southern fish", which is where Ptolemy had described it in the
Almagest.
Large image
Figure 6: Depiction of star patterns fort he Pegasus
(al-Farasal-a'zam) constellations from Nasir al-Din al-Tusi's
Tarcama-i Kitab-i Suvaru'l-kevâkib , Süleymaniye Library, MS Ayasofya
2595, fol. 37a.
Al-Sufi did his own brightness and magnitude estimates which
frequently deviated from those in Ptolemy's work. He identified the
Large Magellanic Cloud, which is visible from Yemen, though not from
Isfahan in the centre of Iran where he worked; it was not seen by
Europeans until Magellan's voyage in the 16th century. He also did the
earliest recorded observation of the Andromeda Galaxy, which he
described as a"small cloud". He observed that the eclipticplane is
inclined with respect to the celestial equator and more accurately
calculated the length of the tropical year. He observed and described
the stars, their positions, their magnitudes and their colour, setting
out his results constellation by constellation. His famous Book of
Fixed Stars was translated into Latin and had a major influence in
Europe since the 13th century, both by its textual descriptions and
pictures.
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