Common Doubt clear, - * Guideline on moving from fasting to feeding the poor in the case of expiation for intercourse during the day in Ramadan

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I had intercourse with my wife during the day last Ramadan, and I read in the fatwas that the penalty for that is to fast two consecutive months. I tried to start fasting, but in fact I found that I was falling short in my work and not doing my job properly as a result of feeling exhausted and working for long hours, although I tried to delay the fast until the cold days. I hope that you can advise me what to do.
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Praise be to Allah
Difficulty in working, in which a person feels that he is not doing his job properly, is not one of the excuses that makes it permissible not to observe an obligatory fast and move to the option of feeding the poor, whether it is fasting during Ramadan, fasting in expiation for having intercourse during the day in Ramadan, or fasting for any other reason.
The Standing Committee for Issuing Fatwas was asked about a man who works in a bakery and suffers extreme thirst and exhaustion whilst working. Is it permissible for him not to fast?
They replied: It is not permissible for that man not to fast; rather what he must do is observe the fast. The fact that he is baking during the day in Ramadan is not an excuse for not fasting. He must work according to what he is able to do.
End quote fromFataawa al-Lajnah ad-Daa’imah lil-Buhooth al-‘Ilmiyyah wa’l-Iftaa’(10/238).
We put this question to our shaykh, ‘Abd ar-Rahmaan ibn Naasir al-Barraak and he replied: Work is not an excuse for not observing an obligatory fast, such as the Ramadan fast.
Based on that, you should be patient and seek reward with Allah, for seeking reward with Him and remembering the reward will reduce the feelings of difficulty. Moreover these feelings usually arise in the first few days, then you get used to it. So seek the help of Allah, may He be exalted, and Allah will make things easy for you.
And Allah knows best.

Common Doubt clear, - * She did not fast because she was unaware that fasting was obligatory for her; does she have to make up the fasts?.

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When fasting became obligatory for me, I did not fast my first Ramadan, because I did not know and I was unaware that it was obligatory for me. But then I realised that it was obligatory for me. That was in the last week of Ramadan, but I had my menses, then I became pure there were four days left of Ramadan, and I did not fast them, because I was sick and I was vomiting. Do I have to fast an entire month, or offer a fidyah? But I do not remember exactly how many days I did not fast. Also, I did not pray during the year in which it became obligatory for me to fast, because I did not know at that time. Should I make up these prayers also?
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Praise be to Allah
You have to make up whatever you did not do of the Ramadan fast, whether that was the days of your period or the rest of the month. If you do not know how many days you owe, then you should do your best to work it out, and fast as many days as you think most likely will fulfil what you owe.
Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen (may Allah have mercy on him) said:
If a person did not fast out of ignorance, thinking that fasting was not obligatory for him, such as if a woman reaches puberty by beginning to menstruate when she is young, and she does not think that puberty is reached except by reaching the age of fifteen years, then she has to make up Ramadan, because obligatory duties are not waived on the basis of ignorance.
This issue happens a great deal to some women who begin their periods when they are young, and they are too shy to tell their families that they are menstruating, so they do not fast, or sometimes they fast even on the days of their menses.
We say to the one who did not fast: You must make up the months in which you did not fast after you reached puberty.
And we say to the one who used to fast during the days of their menses: You have to repeat the days that you fasted during your menses, because fasting during menses is not valid.
End quote fromFataawa Noor ‘ala ad-Darbby al-‘Uthaymeen (2/11)
With regard to prayer, you should offer a great deal of naafil (supererogatory) fasts, because they will make up for any shortfall in the obligatory fasts.
At-Tirmidhi (413) narrated that Abu Hurayrah said: I heard the Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) say: “The first deed for which a person will be brought to account on the Day of Resurrection is his prayer. If it is sound then he will prosper and succeed, but if it is not sound, then he will fail and lose. If his obligatory prayer is lacking, the Lord, may He be glorified and exalted, will say: Look and see whether My slave has any voluntary prayers to make up for what is lacking of his obligatory prayer. Then the rest of his deeds will be examined in like manner.”
Classed as saheeh by al-Albaani in Saheeh at-Tirmidhi.
And Allah knows best.