Menstruation and Post-Natal bleeding, - Dought& clear, - * How can a woman determine that her period has ended so that she can pray?

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M NajimudeeN - INDIA
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I wanted to know how a woman should determine when to start praying after her menses. What should she do if she thinks she has finished her menses and starts praying and then later she sees more blood or a brown discharge?
Praise be to Allaah.
Firstly: when a woman menstruates, her period is over when the blood stops, regardless of whether the blood was a lot or a little. Many fuqahaa’ stated that the shortest length of a woman’s period is a day and a night, and the longest is fifteen days.
Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah (may Allaah have mercy on him) said there was no minimum or maximum for it; when the bleeding is present with its distinct qualities, this is menstruation, whether it is a little or a lot. He said:
“Menstruation (al-hayd): Allaah has attached numerous rulings to it in the Qur’aan and Sunnah, but He did not state the shortest or longest length (of a menstrual period), or the length of the period of tahaarah between two menstrual periods, even though the need to know that exists.”
Then he said:
“Some of the scholars defined a maximum and minimum, but they differed concerning that, and some stated a maximum length without defining a minimum. The third view is most correct, which states that there is no minimum or maximum.”
(Majmoo’ al-Fataawaa, 19/237)
Secondly: There is a kind of bleeding which is called “al-istihaadah”, [irregular, non-menstrual vaginal bleeding] which is different from menstrual bleeding. It is governed by rulings which differ from those governing menstruation. This blood (istihaadah) may be distinguished from the blood of menstruation by the following:
Colour: menstrual blood is black [dark red] whilst the blood of istihaadah is red.
Consistency: menstrual blood is thick and heavy, whilst the blood of istihaadah is thin.
Smell: menstrual blood has an offensive odour whilst the blood of istihaadah does not, because it comes from an ordinary vein.
Clotting: menstrual blood does not clot when it comes out of the body whilst the blood of istihaadah does clot because it comes from a vein.
These are the characteristics of menstrual blood, so if this description fits the blood that is coming out, it is hayd (menstruation); ghusl is waajib (obligatory) and this blood is naajis (impure), but ghusl is not required in the case of istihaadah.
When a woman has her period she is not allowed to pray, but when the bleeding is istihaadah, that is not the case. But she has to be careful and has to do wudoo’ for each prayer if the flow of blood continues to the next prayer. If blood comes out whilst she is praying, it does not matter.
Thirdly; a woman can know that her period has ended by two things:
The white discharge which comes from the womb to show that the period is over.
Complete dryness, if a woman does not have this white discharge. In this case she can find out if her period has ended by inserting a piece of white cotton or something similar into the place where the blood comes from; if it comes out clean, then her period is over and she has to do ghusl and pray. If the cloth comes out red, yellow or brown, she should not pray.
The women used to send small containers in which were these cloths with traces of yellow on them to ‘Aa’ishah, and she would say, “Do not hasten until you see the white discharge.” (Narrated by al-Bukhaarimu’allaqan.Kitaab al-Hayd, Baab iqbaal al-muhayd wa idbaarihi. Also by Maalik, 130).
But if there is a yellow or brownish discharge when a woman does not have her period, this does not mean anything and she should not stop praying or do ghusl because of it, because it does not necessitate ghusl or cause janaabah (impurity).
Umm ‘Atiyyah (may Allaah be pleased with her) said: “We did not bother about any yellow or brownish discharge after a woman’s period was over.” (Narrated by Abu Dawood, 307. It was also narrated by al-Bukhaari, 320, but he did not mention “after a woman’s period was over.”)
“We did not bother about” means we did not think it was menstruation, but it is anaajis(impure) discharge which means that a woman has to wash it away and do wudoo’. But if the white discharge is immediately followed by a period, then it is part of the period.
Fourthly: if a woman believes that her period has ended, then she starts bleeding again, if the blood has the characteristics of menstrual blood as described above, then this is menstrual bleeding, otherwise it is istihaadah.
If it is the former, she should not pray. If it is the latter, she should be careful and do wudoo’ for each prayer, then pray.
Concerning the brownish discharge, if she sees this after her period has ended, then the ruling is that it is taahir (pure), but it requires her to do wudoo’ only. But if she sees it during the time of her period, then it comes under the rulings of menstruation.
And Allaah knows best.
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Menstruation and Post-Natal bleeding, - Dought& clear, - * It is permissible fora woman in nifaas to go out of her house if she wishes, so long as she meets the shar’i conditions

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I am living in Oman, where women follow a practice of remaining in the house for 40 days following the birth of a child. I have asked several people about this. Most people do not seem to know if it is sunnah or not. If it is, I would like to try to follow the practice (I am in the 9th month of my 4th pregnancy). However, I have also been told it is a bid'ah practice and therefore I should avoid it. In sha' Allah, please try to clear up this issue, which I have been researching for almost 6 years!
Praise be to Allaah.
Forty days is the longest period that the woman in nifaas can refrain from praying and fasting, so long as blood is still flowing. After that, she should do ghusl and pray, and consider herself to be in a state of istihaadah (irregular vaginal bleeding which is neither menstruation nor nifaas) if the bleeding does not stop. Umm Salamah (may Allaah be pleased with her) said: “At the time of the Messenger of Allaah SAWS (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), the woman in nifaas would sit (i.e., refrain from praying and fasting) for forty days…” (Narrated by al-Tirmidhi). For more details on this topic see Question #319.
With regard to the belief that a woman has to stay in her house for forty days after giving birth and not go out, this is a mistaken belief and women do not have to do this. It is permissible for them to go out during these forty days to any place she wants, so long as she fulfils the shar’i conditions (i.e., hijaab etc.)

- PUBLISHERNajimudeeN M

Menstruation and Post-Natal bleeding, - Dought& clear, - * Women using tampons

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Does it state anywhere in the Qur'an or any Hadeeth that it is not permissable for Muslim sisters to wear tampons?
Praise be to Allaah.
The Muslim is always commanded to avoid najaasah (impure things), because Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
“And purify your garments!”
[al-Muddaaththir 74:4]
Menstrual blood is naajis (impure), and if it gets on a woman's clothes, she has to wash them. With regard to these tampons, we should refer to what women customarily use. At the time of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), the women used to wear special clothes at the time of menstruation, because it was narrated that Umm Salamah (may Allaah be pleased with her) said: “My period came when I was with the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), so I slipped away from him and put on the clothes I used to wear when I was menstruating…” (narrated by al-Bukhaari,al-Hayd, 311). And the general guideline is that things are permitted, and there is no evidence to indicate that this is not allowed. So it is not correct to say that this is not allowed. In fact there are reports which indicate that it is permitted to use cotton to check the flow of blood.
It was narrated from Hamnah bint Jahsh that she menstruated at the time of the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), and she came to the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) and said, “I have a strong, prolonged flow of blood.” He said to her: “Block it with cotton.” She said, “It is greater than that. My blood gushes.” He said, “Consider yourself to be on your menses each month for six or seven days known to Allaah, then do ghusl and pray and fast for twenty-three or twenty-four days. Delay Zuhr prayer and bring ‘Asr forward, and do ghusl for them. And delay Maghrib and bring ‘Ishaa’ forward and do ghusl for them. This is the more beloved of the two ways to me.” (Narrated by Ibn Maajah,al-Tahaarah wa Sunanuhaa, 619. Classed as hasan by al-Albaani inSaheeh Sunan Ibn Maajah, no. 510).
And Allaah knows best.

- PUBLISHERNajimudeeN M