Islamic Articles, - Dought & clear, - * Where is Paradise and where is Hell?

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Where are Paradise and Hell located? Some people say that Hell is in the interior of the earth. Is that true?
Praise be to Allah.
What has been stated by the scholars is that Paradise is in the seventh heaven and Hell is in the lowest level of the earth.
Al-Bukhaari (7432) narrated from Abu Hurayrah that the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) said: “If you ask of Allah, then ask Him for al-Firdaws, for it is the middle of Paradise and the highest part of Paradise, and above it is the Throne of the Most Gracious.”
Al-Bayhaqi narrated inal-Ba‘th wa’n-Nushoor(455), with a da‘eef isnaad from Ibn Mas‘ood that he said: Paradise is in the seventh, highest heaven and Hell is in the seventh, lowest earth. Then he recited the verses (interpretation of the meaning):“Nay! Verily, the Record (writing of the deeds) of Al-Abrar (the pious who fear Allah and avoid evil), is (preserved) in ‘Illiyyeen” [al-Mutaffifeen 83:18]and“Nay! Truly, the Record (writing of the deeds) of the Fujjar (disbelievers, sinners, evil-doers and wicked) is (preserved) in Sijjeen” [al-Mutaffifeen 83:7]. Al-Bayhaqi said immediately after that: The hadith of al-Bara’ ibn ‘Aazib and Abu Hurayrah about the punishment of the grave, and what they narrated from the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) about the location of the soul of the believer and of the disbeliever are indicative of that. End quote.
Al-Haakim (8698) narrated from ‘Abdullah ibn Salaam that Paradise is in the heaven and Hell is in the earth. Classed as saheeh by al-Haakim, and adh-Dhahabi agreed with him.
Al-Haafiz Ibn Rajab (may Allah have mercy on him) said:
‘Atiyyah narrated from Ibn ‘Abbaas, who said: Paradise is in the seventh heaven and Hell is in the seventh earth. This was narrated by Abu Nu‘aym.
Ibn Mandah narrated from the hadith of Abu Yahya al-Qattaat from Mujaahid, who said: I said to Ibn ‘Abbaas: Where is Paradise? He said: Above seven heavens. I said: Where is Hell? He said: Beneath seven seas, one above the other.
Ibn Abi’d-Dunya narrated with his isnaad from Qataadah who said: They used to say that Paradise was in the seventh heaven and that Hell was in the seventh earth.
Some of them quoted as evidence for that the fact that Allah, may He be exalted, told us that the disbelievers will be shown to the Fire morning and evening, i.e., during the barzakh period [between death and the resurrection] and He told us that no gates of heaven will be opened to them. This indicates that Hell is in the earth.
End quote fromat-Takhweef min an-Naar(p. 62-63).
Ibn ‘Uthaymeen (may Allah have mercy on him) was asked: Where are Paradise and Hell?
He replied: Paradise is in the highest of ‘Illiyyeen and Hell is in as-Sijjeen, and as-Sijjeen is in the lowest earth, as it says in the hadith: “When the person is dying, Allah, may He be exalted, says: ‘Record the book of My slave in Sijjeen in the lowest earth.’” As for Paradise, it is above, in the highest of ‘Illiyyeen. It is proven from the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) that “The Throne of the Lord, may He be glorified and exalted, is the roof of Jannat al-Firdaws.”
End quote fromFataawa Noor ‘ala ad-Darb(4/2)
The shaykh also said:
The location of Hell is in the earth, but some of the scholars said that it is the oaceans, and others said that it is in the centre of the earth. What appears to be the case is that it is in the earth, but we do not know exactly where it is in the earth.
The evidence that Hell is in the earth is the verse in which Allah, may He be exalted, says: (interpretation of the meaning):“Nay! Truly, the Record (writing of the deeds) of the Fujjar (disbelievers, sinners, evil-doers and wicked) is (preserved) in Sijjeen” [al-Mutaffifeen 83:7]. Sijjeen is the lowest earth, and Hell is in the earth.
There are hadiths that have been narrated concerning this, but they are da‘eef (weak). There are also reports from the early generations, such as Ibn ‘Abbaas and Ibn Mas‘ood, and this is the apparent meaning of the Qur’an. Allah, may He be exalted, says (interpretation of the meaning):“Verily, those who belie Our Ayat (proofs, evidences, verses, lessons, signs, revelations, etc.) and treat them with arrogance, for them the gates of heaven will not be opened, and they will not enter Paradise until the camel goes through the eye of the needle (which is impossible)” [al-A‘raaf 7:40]. Those who disbelieve in the signs of Allah and are too arrogant to believe in them will undoubtedly be in Hell.
And Allah knows best.
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Islamic Articles, - Dought & clear, - * Should he marry his cousin in secret?

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I am a 20-year-old young man. Some times ago, my cousin came to live at our home, the problem it is that she does not put the hijab and sometimes, we are alone at the house and she calls me to the fornication but I resist and I spoke to her about marriage. His father, besides not commanding the hijab to his daughter the hijab refuses to marry her because of its studies and I am afraid of giving in to his(her,its) temptation. I would want to know if we can get married in secret, without informing his father because she told me that he will never agree to marry her before the end of her studies, is before 5 years and I am afraid of fornicating with her and besides making it several times later.
Praise be to Allah.
The presence of your cousin with you in the house, when she does not wear hijab and you see her and are alone with her is something that is haraam and is not permissible. When Islam forbade women to show their adornments and take off the hijab, and made it haraam for a woman to be alone with a non-mahram man, it forbade these things so that the matter would not develop further, as appears to be the case from your question.
What you must do is fear Allah, your Lord, and take precautions to keep yourself safe and far away from sin.
Either this woman should leave and live somewhere else, but it should be close to your family so that your father will be able to check on her at any time and be reassured of her welfare.
Or you could marry her, but it should be a valid marriage with the permission of her father. With regard to the idea that her father refuses to let her get married before she has completed her studies, if you have not heard that directly from him, then you should ask her father for her hand in marriage. That will undoubtedly be better than the situation you are in at present. We ask Allah, may He be exalted, to help and guide you both.
With regard to what you are asking about, namely marrying her in secret, this is not permissible for the following reasons:
Firstly: the approval of her guardian is one of the conditions of marriage being valid, as has been explained previously in fatwa no. 7989. If you marry her without the knowledge of her guardian, this will make the marriage invalid.
Secondly: marriage must be witnessed or announced openly, but you want it to be a secret marriage that no one knows about. A secret marriage that is not witnessed or announced openly is also an invalid marriage. Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah (may Allah have mercy on him) said:
As for getting married in secret, in which the parties agree to conceal it and not bring anyone to be witness to it, this is invalid according to most scholars, and it comes under the heading of illegal sexual intercourse. Allah, may He be exalted, says (interpretation of the meaning):
“All others are lawful, provided you seek (them in marriage) with Mahr (bridal money given by the husband to his wife at the time of marriage) from your property, desiring chastity, not committing illegal sexual intercourse”
[an-Nisa’ 4:24].
And Allah knows best.

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Islamic Articles, - Dought & clear, - * His mother wants his wife to uncover her face in front of his relatives but his wife refuses to do that

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I am newly married.My spouse covers her face infront of all non-mehram men.She even covered her face on the day of our nikah and none of my male relatives(non-mehram) were unable to see her face till today.My mother is very angry about this and she is telling me that she is very much insulted infront of our relatives because of my wife.She is now compelling me to remove my wifes nikaab & show her face to all our family members.My father and all my other relatives are supporting my mother in this case.Covering all the body with loose garments is alright for my mother with the exception of covering face. After months of debates between me and my mother in this issue now my mother is telling that she wil grant permission to cover my wife's face if my wife show her face to all my male relatives(non-mehram) for one time for the purpose of identification. On the other hand my wife wish to wear nikab for the sake of allah,she dont want to uncover her face not even for one time in front of non-mehram men. My mother is crying infront of me and continuously reminding me about 'jurayj' incident.She is telling that even 'jurayj' was afflicted with his mothers curse for making salah against his mother's call.If this is the case for most important salah then what is the ruling on putting nikab by going against and hurting mother's heart? Should i obey my mother or should I stand with my wife in this case?
Praise be to Allah.
Firstly:
It is obligatory for the Muslim woman to cover her face in front of non-mahram men. This is what is indicated by the Holy Qur’an and the Prophet’s Sunnah, and that has continued to be a practice handed down from one generation to another of people of religious commitment and chastity, from the time of the Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) and almost up to our own time, when the Muslims became obsessed with imitation of the West and they went back to the ways of Jaahiliyyah that Allah had forbidden when He said (interpretation of the meaning):
“And stay in your houses, and do not display yourselves like that of the times of ignorance”
[al-Ahzaab 33:33].
The evidence for this has been explained previously in fatwa no. 11774.
Secondly:
You should praise Allah, may He be exalted, for having provided you with a wife who is religiously committed and is keen to obey her Lord, and you should help her in that. You are the first one who is required to help her to obey Allah and to stand up to anyone who wants her to disobey Allah.
Thirdly:
You should understand that Islam emphasises that the Muslim woman should wear complete hijab in front of her husband’s relatives (such as his brother and uncle) and that she should not mix with them. If the Muslim woman is required to wear complete hijab in front of men who are strangers, the obligation upon her to observe hijab in front of her husband’s relatives is even more emphasized and more important. This is what Islam teaches, so as to correct what many people are used to of women being heedless in front of their husband’s relatives.
The wisdom behind that is quite obvious. A non-mahram man who sees her in the street, for example, will see her only once then he will carry on his way, and he may never see her again. If it so happens that he does see her again, the opportunities for communication between them are usually very difficult and very limited.
As for the husband’s relatives, they may see her time after time, and talk to her and sit with her, and so on. Hence the Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) said: “Beware of entering upon women.” A man among the Ansaar said: O Messenger of Allah, what do you think about the in-law? He said: “The in-law is death.”
Narrated by al-Bukhaari (5232) and Muslim (2172).
An-Nawawi (may Allah have mercy on him) said:
With regard to the Prophet’s words, “The in-law is death,” what this means is that the fear in his case is greater than in the case of others, and evil is expected on his part and the fitnah (temptation) is greater, because he is able to reach the woman and be alone with her with no one denouncing him, unlike the stranger or non-mahram. What is meant by the in-law here is the husband’s relatives, except for his father/grandfather and sons/grandsons.His father/grandfather and sons/grandsons are mahrams of the wife and it is permissible for them to be alone with her; they are not described as “death”. Rather what is meant here is the brother, nephew, uncle, cousin and others who are not mahrams. People customarily take things lightly with regard to them, so a man will often be alone with his brother’s wife. This is what is described as death.
Fourthly:
With regard to your saying about your mother that she likes modesty (covering all the body with loose garments) and so on,
You have to understand that the concept of modesty may be misunderstood by many people, in a manner contrary to the correct Islamic concept.
The truly modest woman according to Islamic teaching is the one who wears complete hijab, does not mix with men, and does not talk to them except as much as is necessary only; she stays in her house and does not come and go a great deal.
As for looking down on the hijab and describing it as being a piece of cloth, this applies to any garment that covers the body of a man or a woman; all of them are just pieces of cloth. Will the wise person follow the plot of the Shaytaan so that he will remove his clothing and uncover his ‘awrah, because what covers it is just a piece of cloth?!
Fifthly:
With regard to likening this situation to the story of the devoted worshipper Jurayj, that is not appropriate, because the mother of Jurayj did not ask him to disobey Allah. The most that can be said is that she called him, but he did not answer her. But in your case, your mother is calling you and your wife to disobey Allah, and the Messenger (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) said: “There is no obedience to any created being if it involves disobedience towards Allah.” Narrated by Imam Ahmad (1041); it is a saheeh hadith.
If someone tells a person to disobey Allah, he should not obey him, no matter who he is, for there is no obedience to any created being if it involves disobeying the Creator, and it is not permissible for anyone to give precedence to pleasing people over pleasing Allah, or to seek their pleasure by doing that which angers Allah. Rather this is indeed something which it is feared will render all one’s good deeds null and void, not what your mother says. Allah, may He be exalted, says (interpretation of the meaning):
“That is because they followed that which angered Allah, and hated that which pleased Him. So He made their deeds fruitless”
[Muhammad 47:28].
Shaykh as-Sa‘di (may Allah have mercy on him) said:
“That” punishment that they deserved and that befell them
“is because they followed that which angered Allah” of all kinds of disbelief, rebellion and disobedience
“and hated that which pleased Him” so they had no desire for that which would bring them closer to Him
“So He made their deeds fruitless” that is, He rendered them null and void. This is in contrast to the one who follows and seeks that which pleases Allah and hates that which angers Him; in his case, Allah will expiate his sins and increase and multiply his reward.
End quote fromTafseer as-Sa‘di(789)
However we should point out that there is nothing in the story of Jurayj to suggest that his good deeds were rendered null and void; rather it tells us that Allah, may He be exalted, answered his mother’s prayer when she prayed against him.
See:Saheeh al-Bukhaari(2482);Saheeh Muslim(2550);Fath al-Baari(6/480)
Finally:
You have to support your wife and help her to obey Allah, and encourage her to be steadfast in doing all kinds of good deeds.
At the same time, you have to be very gentle and kind towards your mother, and explain to her that this is an Islamic ruling and there is no room for compromise concerning this matter. All goodness is in obeying Allah, may He be exalted, and all evil is in disobeying Him, may He be glorified. You should treat her and your wife in the best and kindest manner, keep good company with her and be nice to her, and you can show her kindness by giving her gifts, saying nice words to her, and so on.
We ask Allah to help and guide you all.
And Allah knows best.

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